The system forsterite-diopside-akermanite-leucite and its significance in the origin of potassium-rich mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks

The phase relations of forsterite (Fo), diopside (Di), akermanite (Ak), and leucite (Lc), important end members of naturally-occurring potassium-rich mafic and ultramafic volcanic rockg were determined experimentally at atmospheric pressure. The following three joins were determined in the study: (l) diopside-akermanite- leucite, (2) forsterite--diopside-leucite, and (B) forsterite-akermaniteleucite. The phase assemblages, compositions, and temperatures of the piercing points in these joins are summarized below: Join (1) Diss + Akss + Lcss + L Di39Ak29Lc32 1281° ± 3°C (2) Foss + Diss + Lcss + L Fo3Di60Lc27 1296° ± 3°C (3) Foss + Moss + Akss + L Fo17Ak78Lc5 l428° ± 3°C (3) Foss + Akss + Lcss + L Fo9Ak43.5Lc47.5 1286° ± 3°C. The join diopside-akermanite-leucite with 3 percent forsterite wa,s also investigated to determine the temperature of the 5-phase assemblagq forsterite forsteritess diopsidess + akermanitess + leucitess + liquid. The fifth phase (forsteritess) in this assemblage eppears at 1274° ± 4°C and the solidus temperature occurs at 1255°C. Study of the system suggests that an olivine-melilite leucitite magma ean be generated from the following magma tyqes: katungite, melilite leucitite, olivine melilitite, or olivine leucitite. A katungite magma of composition lying within the tetrahedron forsterite-diopside-akermanite-leucite can be derived from a monticellite alnoite magma because of a reaction relationship of monticellite with liquid

An Analytical study of Contribution of Agriculture Sector in growth of Indian Economy

AbstractAgriculture sector referred as primary sector. it is very important for economic growth of any country. It emerged as an essential-growing sector within the world economy. This sector contributes huge part of Indian GDP and occupy first place in employment provider. 58% of India’s population is depends upon Agriculture. Gross Value Added (GVA) by agronomy, forestry and trawling was estimated at Rs. 19.48 lakh crore (US$276.37 billion) in FY20 (PE). GVA Growth in agriculture and related sectors stood at 4$ 7.3 billion) over Rs. 37,397 crore (US$ 5.1 billion) in the same period last year. Its respectable share in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows similarly as in total exports makes it the engine of economic process. Keeping in higher than scene, the current study makes an analysis of agriculture sector in Indian economy. The study shows that agriculture sector has achieved incredible growth over the year in Indian economy. Besides, their contributions in value, employment and exports are rising significantly. To take care and accelerate the expansion & contributions of this sector & to develop it as a real engine of economic process

Multi-wavelength Temporal Variability of the Blazar 3C 454.3 during 2014 Activity Phase

We present a multi-wavelength temporal analysis of the blazar 3C 454.3 during the high $\gamma$-ray active period from May-December, 2014. Except for X-rays, the period is well sampled at near-infrared (NIR)-optical by the \emph{SMARTS} facility and the source is detected continuously on daily timescale in the \emph{Fermi}-LAT $\gamma$-ray band. The source exhibits diverse levels of variability with many flaring/active states in the continuously sampled $\gamma$-ray light curve which are also reflected in the NIR-optical light curves and the sparsely sampled X-ray light curve by the \emph{Swift}-XRT. Multi-band correlation analysis of this continuous segment during different activity periods shows a change of state from no lags between IR and $\gamma$-ray, optical and $\gamma$-ray, and IR and optical to a state where $\gamma$-ray lags the IR/optical by $\sim$3 days. The results are consistent with the previous studies of the same during various $\gamma$-ray flaring and active episodes of the source. This consistency, in turn, suggests an extended localized emission region with almost similar conditions during various $\gamma$-ray activity states. On the other hand, the delay of $\gamma$-ray with respect to IR/optical and a trend similar to IR/optical in X-rays along with strong broadband correlations favor magnetic field related origin with X-ray and $\gamma$-ray being inverse Comptonized of IR/optical photons and external radiation field, respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, MNRAS accepte

Phase relation in the system nepheline-leucite-anorthite at 1 atmosphere

This article does not have an abstract

Prediabetes and prehypertension in disease free obese adults correlate with an exacerbated systemic proinflammatory milieu

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Obesity is a pro-inflammatory state frequently associated with widespread metabolic alterations that include insulin resistance and deregulation of blood pressure (BP). This cascade of events in some measure explains the susceptibility of obese adults for co-morbid conditions like diabetes mellitus and hypertension.</p> <p>Hypothesis</p> <p>We hypothesized that an elevated systemic proinflammatory burden correlates with dysglycemia and deregulated blood pressure.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed the screening anthropometric and laboratory measures from healthy disease free obese adults (n = 35; women (W) 27, men (M) 8) in a weight loss study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Healthy obese normoglycemic (fasting serum glucose: FSG <100 mg/dL) women and men compared with healthy obese with prediabetes (FSG 100-125 mg/dL) had no significant differences for age (Mean ± SD: 52 ± 12 vs. 56 ± 9 y), weight (95 ± 11 vs. 99 ± 13 kg), or waist circumference (108 ± 10 vs. 108 ± 11 cm). Normoglycemic group (n = 24; W = 19, M = 5) had normal FSG 92 ± 4 mg/dL, HbA1c 5.4 ± 0.3%, BP 118/75 mm Hg, but had elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP) 3.7 ± 3 mg/L and fibrinogen 472 ± 76 mg/dL. The group with prediabetes (n = 11; W = 8, M = 3) with significantly higher FSG (106 ± 3 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), HbA1c (5.9 ± 0.5%; p < 0.002), had prehypertension (BP: 127/80 mm Hg) and significantly higher hs CRP (16.9 ± 9 mg/; p < 0.0001) and fibrinogen (599 ± 95 mg/dL; p < 0.0002).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In otherwise healthy disease free obese adults, a higher degree of systemic inflammation is associated with prediabetes and prehypertension.</p

Evolution of the earth's mantle and core: convective cycle within the mantle and different plate tectonic environments related to magma generation

The earth is considered to have been formed in several stages in a solar nebula by accretion of carbonaceous chondrites. The moon might have been formed toward the end of such a process by collapse of a sedimentary ring around the proto-earth or due to collision of the proto-earth with a large comet. The thermal energy related to the impact resulted in the formation of a magma ocean. The process of density stratification of Fe-Ni alloy at the core and other silicates (magnesiowustite, pervoskite, garnet, spinel, etc.) is the subject of modern experimental studies. The large difference in temperature between the core and the mantle-crust interface resulted in convection, either involving whole mantle right from the outer core or initiating two-layered convection (650 km seismic discontinuity separating the two convective cycle systems). Earthquake and volcanism in the mid oceanic ridges, oceanic plate boundaries and subduction zones are surface manifestations of energy flow through mantle convection

Effect of Different Chemical Environment on Porous Silicon

Properties of porous silicon (PS) are found to be sensitive towards different chemical environment. Because of its large surface area, it is highly reactive and can adsorb chemical vapours. The present study shows that photoconductivity and photoluminescence (PL) properties are changed significantly in the presence ofacetone, ammonia and steam vapours and can be used to identify and sense these chemical environment. These results also suggest that the molecules adsorbed on the pores change the transport mechanism of carriers in PS, leading to increase or decrease in conductivity. On the other hand, surface states on the enormous PS surface are modified under different chemical environment, leading to change in visible PL

Study of renal functions in preterm and full term new born in relation to parity of the mother

Background:During the intrauterine life, placenta performs the function of maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and removing harmful waste products. The renal function is related more closely to gestational age, postnatal age and parity of mother. Objective of the study was to study renal functions in preterm and full term new born in relation to the parity of mother (primiparous versus multiparous mother).Methods: The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2015 on 500 healthy new-borns among them 250 were full term healthy new-borns and 250 were preterm healthy new-borns. They were divided into 3 groups on the basis of gestational age and parity of mother. Relevant investigations were done in all cases enrolled in study:Results:  Out of total 500 new-born 255 (51%) male 245 (49%) female. In both FT and PT new-borns, primigravida child was more dehydrated then multigravida (P- Value<0.001). Mean change in the levels of S. Na, S. urea. S. Cr, BUN Ratio at 72 hours in dehydrated PT (BF) new born was significantly higher than FT (BF) non-dehydrated new born (P-value<0.001).Conclusions: Hypernatremic dehydration is a potentially fatal complication of the failure of establishment of breastfeeding mainly in primigravida so mothers should be highly motivated to breastfeed having either decreased milk production or nipple-related abnormalities that create feeding difficulty and result in inadequate fluid and caloric intake in their infants. Therefore, mothers should be helped and supported to breast feed their infants as soon as possible after delivery.