In situ stress analysis of multilayer environmental barrier coatings

The biaxial stress and thermal expansion of multilayer doped-aluminosilicate environmental barrier coatings were measured in situ during cooling using microfocused high-energy X-rays in transmission. Coating stresses during cooling from 1000 °C were measured for as-sprayed and thermally cycled samples. In the as-sprayed state, tensile stresses as high as 75 MPa were measured in the doped-aluminosilicate topcoat at 375 °C, after which a drop in the stress occurred accompanied by through-thickness cracking of the two outermost layers. After thermally cycling the samples, the stress in the topcoat was reduced to approximately 50 MPa, and there was no drop in stress upon cooling. This stress reduction was attributed to a crystallographic phase transformation of the topcoat and the accompanying change in thermal expansion coefficient. The addition of a doped aluminosilicate to the mullite layer did not lower the stress in the topcoat, but may offer increased durability due to an increased compressive stress

Stresses in Ytterbium Silicate Multilayer Environmental Barrier Coatings

The internal stresses of plasma-sprayed multilayer ytterbium disilicate environmental barrier coatings were measured using microfocused high-energy X-rays in a transmission geometry. Stresses were measured for as-sprayed and ex-situ heat-treated ytterbium disilicate topcoats at room temperature and during in-situ heating and cooling experiments. In-situ loading experiments were also performed on the topcoat in order to establish its elastic constants. The ytterbium disilicate was found to have a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion resulting in compressive stresses of approximately 100 MPa throughout the topcoat. In-situ heating experiments revealed a statistically significant stress relaxation in the ytterbium disilicate topcoat upon thermal cycling to temperatures above 1300°C, indicating the onset of stress relaxation but no cracks were observed in SEM micrographs. The stress states were also modeled using a numerical solution; measured stresses were found to be very close to the predicted stresses in ytterbium dilisicate topcoats, while the experimentally determined stresses in the intermediate layers were of much smaller magnitude than the calculated stresses

The shifting classroom: impact of heightened seasonal heat in education through sentiment and topic modeling

This research applies text mining techniques to examine sentiments and themes among Filipino students adjusting to full in-person classes after pandemic-driven flexible learning, focusing on their experiences during April to June 2023–a period usually marked by vacations due to intense heat. By applying the natural language toolkit (NLTK) for sentiment analysis and Scikit-learn for topic modeling, the study gathered data from Filipino students on their in-person class experiences during this unique calendar shift. Post data cleaning, NLTK was used for sentiment analysis and latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling. The findings indicate that the high temperatures adversely affected students, as evidenced by frequent references to terms such as “room,” “focus,” and “hard.” The study identified a mix of positive and negative sentiments and highlighted key issues like academic challenges and the learning environment’s impact. This study also offered insights into students’ coping strategies during extreme heat. These results stressed the importance of considering environmental factors in educational planning and provide actionable insights for institutions to enhance the in-person learning experience, particularly in challenging weather conditions. Moreover, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of sentiment analysis and topic modeling in understanding and unraveling student experiences in specific contexts

Identification, validity, and reliability of the 21st-century workplace skills for on-the-job training practicum

This study aimed to develop and evaluate an instrument for measuring 21st-century workplace skills in on-the-job training (OJT) trainees. A literature review identified 20 key skills, which became the foundation of the instrument. Its validity and reliability were tested through a pilot study involving 20 OJT supervisors, employing methods like the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and Cronbach’s alpha. The results confirmed the instrument’s effectiveness, indicating the need for further research with larger and more diverse samples to enhance its applicability. This tool is crucial in improving OJT programs by enabling supervisors to assess and support trainees more effectively. Additionally, it serves as a resource for employers and educators in appraising potential hires and graduates, and assists institutions in refining their curricula