Estudo da diversidade genética por 93 marcadores moleculares das raças de bovinos autóctones: Mirandesa, Barrosã e Maronesa

Este trabalho teve como objectivos: 1) caracterizar geneticamente e avaliar a diversidade genética das raças de bovinos autóctones: Mirandesa (MIR), Maronesa (MAR) e Barrossã (BAR); 2) compara os parâmetros de diversidade genética das raças portuguesas com um grupo de 19 raças originárias de várias regiões europeias, nomeadamente: Anatólia, Balcãs, Alpes, Noroeste Europeu. Para tal, foram colhidas amostras de sangue ou de pêlo de 50 indivíduos, de cada uma das três raças portuguesas, escolhidos com base na informação do pedigree para evitar, se possível, a escolha de animais aparentados. Os dados referentes às raças europeias incluídas neste estudo forma gentilmente cedidos investigador, da Universidade de Medicina Veterinária, Ivica Medugorac. As amostras biológicas foram analisadas para 93 microssatélites previamente identificados no trabalho de Ramjalak et al. (2011). Os softwares fstat v.2.9.3. e a package adegenet do software R foram utilizados para calcular, para cada um dos marcadores, os parâmetros de variabilidade genética: heterozigotia esperada (He), heterozigotia observada (Ho) e riqueza alélica. No total das 21 raças, incluídas neste trabalho, o número médio de alelos por locus foi de 6,72. Para os loci estudados, a Ho média foi de 0,64, a He média foi de 0,6 e a RA média foi de 58,5 alelos. Nas raças Portuguesas, o número de alelos raros foi de 30, 52 e 33, para a BAR, MAR, MIR, respectivamente; e o número de alelos privados foi de 5 na MIR e BAR e 2 na MAR. No geral, a raças portuguesas, quando comparadas com as raças autóctones de outras regiões europeias, apresentaram uma menor variabilidade genética. Entre as raças Portuguesas, a MIR apresentou maior distância genética relativamente às raças MAR e BAR, pelo que se apresenta como um grupo genético distinto.The objectives of this work were: 1) to characterize geneically and to study the genetic variability of three Portuguese cattle breeds: Mirandesa (MIR), Maronesa (MAR) and Barrosã (BAR); and 2) to compare the genetic diversity parameters of portuguese cattle breeds with a set of 19 european cattle breeds that have been genotyped for the same markers and covering several european geographical regions: Anatolia, Balkans and Alpine, and north-west of Europe. Blood or hair biological samples were collected from 50 individuals of each breed, selected based on the pedigree information in order to avoind the use of related animals. Data concerning the set of european cattle breeds were courtesy of the researcher Ivica Medugorac from the University of Munchen. The biological samples were analysed for ninetythree microsatellites, previously identified by Ramjalak et al. (2011), to get thorough information about genetic diversity and population structure. Estimates of genetic variability, observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), allelic richness (AR) for each locus were determined using the fstat v.2.9.3. software and he library adgenet form the R sofware. For the 21 breeds, included in this work, the mean number of alleles per locus was 6.72. For all loci studied, the average Ho was 0.64, the average He was 0.68, and the AR was 58.5. For the portuguese breeds, the number of rare alleles found was 52 in MAR, 33 in MIR, and 30 in BAR; and the number of private alleles found was 5 in MIR and BAR, and 2 in MAR. The overall results of his work recognize Portuguese breeds as harbouring a lower genetic diversity than other traditional unselected cattle breeds. When compared with the other european cattle breeds, the portuguese cattle showed lower genetic variability. Among the portuguese cattle breeds, the MIR breed showed greater genetic distance relatively to the MAR and BAR breeds, therefore constitutes a distinct genetic group

The Portuguese experience with bee pathology laboratories for the diagnosis of bee diseases

In Portugal there are two referenced laboratories responsible for the diagnosis of bee diseases, namely the National Laboratory of Veterinary Investigation (LNIV) which is the National Reference Laboratory and the Bee Pathology Laboratory which belongs to the Agrarian Superior School of Bragança (ESAB). This laboratory was created in collaboration with the Apicultural Association of Montesinho Natural Park (AAPNM) and was certified by the Veterinary Authority in 2006. The Bee Pathology Laboratory is located in the city of Bragança, integrated in the Trás – Os – Montes e Alto Douro region. Is a research and also laboratory that provides a service to individual beekeepers when requested either directly from the laboratory or through the Apicultural Association including those of Controlled Zones. These Zones are defined as areas within the national territory where the systematic control of the bee diseases is undertaken. They are regulated at the national level by the Decree – Law nº 203 of November 25th -2005, which also established which diseases are considered to be of mandatory notification in our country. The diseases referred in this regulation are: American Foulbrood (AFB), European Foulbrood (EFB), Acarapidosis, Varroosis, Small Hive Beetles (SHB) infestation, Tropilaelaps infestation, Chalkbrood (only in Controlled Zones) and Nosemosis (only in Controlled Zones)

Diagnosis of nosemosis in a Portuguese reference bee pathology laboratory

ln recent times, nosemosis was thought to be caused by the specific protozoan Nosema apis, a spore forming parasite that invades the intestinal tract of adult bees and is widespread in Europeans countries including Portugal. Ever since, in most of cases, there are no clear symptoms, the diagnosis of this disease only can be confirmed in laboratory. The Bee Pathology Laboratory from the Agrarian Superior School of Bragança (ESAB), is located in Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro province, formed in collaboration with the Apicultural Association of Montesinho Natural Park (AAPNM). It has certification by Portuguese Veterinary Authority in the 2006

Incidência das principais doenças de criação das abelhas melíferas no Nordeste Transmontano

Publicação em ActaAmostras de criação de colónias de abelhas melíferas foram submetidas ao Laboratório de Patologia Apícola da Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança (ESAB) no período de dois anos (2007 e 2008), e foram processadas para avaliação da incidência da Varroose, Ascosferiose e Loque Americana, na região do Nordeste Transmontano. O diagnóstico laboratorial revelou que a incidência de casos positivos se manifesta ao longo das várias estações do ano, tendo sido observadas diferenças (P<0,05) na incidência entre as estações do ano para a Varroose e Loque Americana. A distribuição das doenças de criação entre os concelhos desta região revelou que a prevalência de casos positivos de Varroose e Loque Americana foi superior (P<0,05) no concelho de Bragança quando comparado com o concelho de Mirandela. No que diz respeito ao efeito do ano, apenas a Ascosferiose apresentou uma incidência superior (P<O,OS) em 2007, com uma percentagem média de 13,2% de amostras positivas. Palavras-chave: amostras de criação/diagnóstico laboratorial/doenças da criação/Varroose/ Loque Americana/ Ascosferios

Study of genetic diversity of three portuguese cattle breeds by 93 micro satellite markers

The objectives of this work were to assess the genetic diversity within and between three Portuguese cattle breeds using 93 microsatellites markers. Blood samples were collected from 50 individuals of each breed, and ninety-three microsatellites were analysed to get thorough information about genetic diversity and interrelationships among three Portuguese cattle breeds: Mirandesa (MIR), Maronesa (MAR), and Barrosã (BAR). Estimates of genetic variability, observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), allelic richness for each locus were determined. The alleles were classified in three classes according to their frequency: common alleles (observed in the three sub-populations), private alleles (alleles observed in one sub-population) and rare alleles (non-private alleles with a frequency < 0.01 over the whole population). The number of rare alleles found was 52 in MAR, 33 in MIR, and 30 in BAR. The number of private alleles found was 5 in MIR and BAR, and 2 in MAR. The MIR showed the lowest genetic diversity, and the highest genetic distance to the other two breeds. The three breeds could be considered as genetically distinct populations. This study shows that measures should be taken in order to preserve the genetic diversity of MIR, MAR, and BAR cattle breeds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Traditional alimentary products: purchase habits and honey consumption

Este estudo tem como objectivos conhecer o perfil do consumidor do mel e descrever os seus hábitos de consumo e compra. Foi elaborado um estudo quantitativo que teve como base a construção de um questionário, que foi aplicado a 172 indivíduos do Distrito de Bragança. Através da análise descritiva dos dados faz-se a caracterização da amostra e descrevem-se os hábitos de consumo e compra do mel. Participaram neste estudo 172 indivíduos, dos quais 41,9% são do sexo masculino e 58,1% são do sexo feminino. Verificou-se que a esmagadora maioria é consumidor de mel (94,8%), prefere o mel da região porque está mais disponível, é mais saboroso e tem qualidade (70,9%). A principal forma de utilização do mel é combinado com outros alimentos (60,5%), o local preferido para a sua compra é junto do produtor (51,7%) e o factor que mais pesa na decisão de compra é o paladar (52,3%). To determine the honey consumer’s profile and to describe your purchase and consume habits are the objectives of this study. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a probabilistic sample including 172 individuals of the Braganza region population. After, data descriptive analyses is done characterization of the sample and are described purchase and consume habits of the inquiry. In this study participated 172 individuals, of which 41,9% are male and 58,1% are female. It was verified that the smashing majority is honey consumer (94,8%), they prefer the national honey because it is more available, it is tastier, it is quality and it is trustworthy (70,9%). The main form honey use is mixed with other foods (60,5%), the favorite place for the honey purchase is near the producer (51,7%) and the factor that more it weighs in the purchase decision this product is the palate (52,3%)