Protective management of trees against debarking by deer negatively impacts bryophyte diversity

When wildlife populations become too large, they impact other flora and fauna within the ecosystems that they inhabit. For example, the recent rise in population numbers of sika deer in Japan has led to the stripping of bark from tree overstories in forested areas. This has led to protective management actions, such as wrapping the trunks of trees in wire mesh. The present study investigates the impact of this management action on epiphytic diversity at Mt. Ohdaigahara, which is one of the hotspots for bryophyte diversity in Japan. The correlation between the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes and environmental variables was examined, including the presence/absence of wire mesh protection. A generalized linear model showed that species richness and bryophyte cover was significantly correlated with both tree diameter (at 1.5 m height) and tree density (P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with wire mesh protection. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis showed a significant 3- to 6-fold higher concentration of zinc in bryophytes occupying tree bark under wire mesh protection than for those without wire mesh. Hence, the high sensitivity of bryophytes to zinc accumulation, as a result of toxicity caused by galvanized iron mesh, has led to the loss of species richness and bryophyte cover on tree trunks. Furthermore, other heavy metals found in wire mesh may also contribute to the negative effect on bryophytes. Therefore, to establish best practices for biodiversity conservation that include bryophytes, materials that are free of heavy metals should be preferentially used for tree protection

Cyclic cubic number fields with harmonically balanced capitulation

It is proved that c = 689347 = 31*37*601 is the smallest conductor of a cyclic cubic number field K whose maximal unramified pro-3-extension E = F(3,infinity,K) possesses an automorphism group G = Gal(E/K) of order 6561 with coinciding relation and generator rank d2(G) = d1(G) = 3 and harmonically balanced transfer kernels kappa(G) in S(13)

Concurrent Constraints Models for Specifying Interactive Scores

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Bullous pemphigoid in an infant with milk protein allergy

6sinonemixedCinotti, Elisa; Douchet, Catherine; Perrot, Jean Luc; Labeille, Bruno; Allombert-Blaise, Carole; Cambazard, FrédéricCinotti, Elisa; Douchet, Catherine; Perrot, Jean Luc; Labeille, Bruno; Allombert Blaise, Carole; Cambazard, Frédéri

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Cultural influences on the use of effectuation in entrepreneurship The case of German student entrepreneur

Toward performance prediction for Multi-BSP programs in ML

International audiencebsml and multi-ml are functional parallel programming languages "à la ml" based of the respectively the bsp and multi-bsp bridging models. multi-bsp extends bsp to take into account hierarchical archi-tectures. For both models, it is possible to predict the performances of algorithms thanks to embedded cost models. To do so, we propose formal operational semantics with cost annotations for the two aforementioned languages. This work has been done in a incremental manner. First we recall the cost semantics of core-ml language. Then, we adapt it to bsml and then to multi-ml. It is then possible to evaluate the cost of a program following the annotated semantics. Finally, we compare the theoretical approach with the current implementation on a code example