60,160 research outputs found
Hole polaron formation and migration in olivine phosphate materials
By combining first principles calculations and experimental XPS measurements,
we investigate the electronic structure of potential Li-ion battery cathode
materials LiMPO4 (M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni) to uncover the underlying mechanisms that
determine small hole polaron formation and migration. We show that small hole
polaron formation depends on features in the electronic structure near the
valence-band maximum and that, calculationally, these features depend on the
methodology chosen for dealing with the correlated nature of the
transition-metal d-derived states in these systems. Comparison with experiment
reveals that a hybrid functional approach is superior to GGA+U in correctly
reproducing the XPS spectra. Using this approach we find that LiNiPO4 cannot
support small hole polarons, but that the other three compounds can. The
migration barrier is determined mainly by the strong or weak bonding nature of
the states at the top of the valence band, resulting in a substantially higher
barrier for LiMnPO4 than for LiCoPO4 or LiFePO4
Packing Fractions and Maximum Angles of Stability of Granular Materials
In two-dimensional rotating drum experiments, we find two separate influences
of the packing fraction of a granular heap on its stability. For a fixed grain
shape, the stability increases with packing fraction. However, in determining
the relative stability of different grain shapes, those with the lowest average
packing fractions tend to form the most stable heaps. We also show that only
the configuration close to the surface of the pile figures prominently.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Six New Galactic Orbits of Globular Clusters in a Milky-Way-Like Galaxy
Absolute proper motions for six new globular clusters have recently been
determined. This motivated us to obtain the Galactic orbits of these six
clusters both in an axisymmetric Galactic potential and in a barred potential,
such as the one of our Galaxy. Orbits are also obtained for a Galactic
potential that includes spiral arms. The orbital characteristics are compared
and discussed for these three cases. Tidal radii and destruction rates are also
computed and discussed.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Wind tunnel tests of high-lift systems for advanced transports using high-aspect-ratio supercritical wings
The wind tunnel testing of an advanced technology high lift system for a wide body and a narrow body transport incorporating high aspect ratio supercritical wings is described. This testing has added to the very limited low speed high Reynolds number data base for this class or aircraft. The experimental results include the effects on low speed aerodynamic characteristics of various leading and trailing edge devices, nacelles and pylons, ailerons, and spoilers, and the effects of Mach and Reynolds numbers
Optical pumping of the electron spin polarization in bulk CuCl
In CuCl bulk crystal negatively charged excitons (trions ) can be
induced by the resonant optical excitation of extra electrons in conduction
band minimum. In the case of light polarization and due to the top valence band
structure of CuCl only the electrons with spin antiparallel to the direction of
the light propagation contribute to the formation of , while the emerging
can recombine into both possible electron states, with spin parallel and
antiparallel to the direction of light propagation. We propose to use this
mechanism for optical electronic spin pumping. We describe the dynamics of
pumping in terms of density matrix formalism. The coherent pumping laser pulse
propagating through the sample is described by Maxwell wave equation coupled to
the density matrix evolution equations. The results of our approximate simple
model calculations suggest that spin polarization close to 100% can be achieved
in time shorter than 100ps.Comment: new extended version, 7 pages, 4 figure
Development of an externally powered prosthetic hook for amputees
The powered hook with trigger finger appears to be a useful adaptation of a terminal device for an amputee when performing vocational activities involving the use of a powered tool requiring a trigger control. The proportional control system includes transducers and amplifiers and appears to have widespread application for control of any external power, whether it be in the orthotic or prosthetic field
Driving light pulses with light in two-level media
A two-level medium, described by the Maxwell-Bloch (MB) system, is engraved
by establishing a standing cavity wave with a linearly polarized
electromagnetic field that drives the medium on both ends. A light pulse,
polarized along the other direction, then scatters the medium and couples to
the cavity standing wave by means of the population inversion density
variations. We demonstrate that control of the applied amplitudes of the
grating field allows to stop the light pulse and to make it move backward
(eventually to drive it freely). A simplified limit model of the MB system with
variable boundary driving is obtained as a discrete nonlinear Schroedinger
equation with tunable external potential. It reproduces qualitatively the
dynamics of the driven light pulse
A relativistic study of Bessel beams
We present a fully relativistic analysis of Bessel beams revealing some
noteworthy features that are not explicit in the standard description. It is
shown that there is a reference frame in which the field takes a particularly
simple form, the wave appearing to rotate in circles. The concepts of
polarization and angular momentum for Bessel beams is also reanalyzed.Comment: 11 pages, 2 fig
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