A Comparison of Sensitivity Metrics for Two-Stage Ignition Behavior in Rapid Compression Machines

A rapid compression machine (RCM) multi-zone model is used to simulate the ignition of primary reference fuel (PRF) mixtures that exhibit two-stage ignition behavior. Sensitivity coefficients for each reaction in the PRF mechanism are calculated from four different metrics: (1) first-stage energy release, (2) first-stage pressure rise, (3) first-stage ignition delay time, and (4) total ignition delay time. The sensitivity coefficients are used to provide four unique rankings, and the rankings are compared using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Special emphasis is given to comparing the rankings based on first-stage energy release and total ignition delay time. The level of agreement between these two rankings is shown to depend on the reaction conditions. Simulation cases with high peak heat release rates during the first stage of ignition tend to exhibit disagreement in the rankings, indicating that new kinetic information can be obtained by studying first stage energy release in addition to total ignition delay time. Simulations show that the high peak heat release rates are associated with energy release across a broad range of temperatures (range can be in excess of 100 K even for lean conditions). This distribution leads to a discrepancy between sensitivity coefficients calculated for the total ignition delay time and the first-stage energy release. Sensitivity coefficients for the total ignition delay time are characterized by reactivity at the highest temperatures in the RCM, while sensitivity coefficients for the first-stage energy release are characterized by reactivity across the full range of temperatures in the RCM

The Suicide Gene: Examining the Environmental and Genetic Impact of Someone Who Is Suicidal

Abstract The progress of suicide focused research has been tremendous in recent years. There have been many theories posed that are foundational in understanding suicide. This project will examine the genetic and environmental impact of suicide. Serotonin, family heritability, twin studies, adoption studies, candidate genes, and genetic transmission of psychiatric disorders are key topics in the role genetics plays in suicide. Suicide has impacted many lives across the world. Survivors of suicide face stigma, trauma related symptoms, grief, and a whole host of other experiences. Suicide also poses a threat to the social, physical, spiritual, emotional, and psychological well-being on those who are impacted. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians are adequately trained in academic and practical skills training that are evidenced based in order to thoroughly understand and respond to the unique obstacles that suicidal clients face. However, if a clinician is unable to provide such services, there is a danger manifested by psychological, physical, and emotional functioning, as well as continued stigmatization and increased risk of suicide. The current project was created in order to further the understanding of current theories of suicide, the genetic impact of suicide, and the environmental influence of suicide. This will be accomplished by examining the literature surrounding the many theories of suicide, existing research on the genetic impact of suicide, the literature surrounding environmental influences on suicide. In turn, this understanding and knowledge will strengthen the therapeutic alliance between the clinician and client, leading to improved clinical outcomes

Informal Branding

The informal brand aims to become a process of design that answers questions of identity in architecture. By establishing a methodology for design with an emphasis on program context and performance, a building will be able to become a brand for the company it represents, the context the project is situated in, and the typology of program it represents. The following pages set out to document this design process through site and program analysis derived from case studies and text reference. The preceding analysis will result in a speculation of programmatic relationships and there implications on the site

Informal Brand

The informal brand aims to become a process of design that answers questions of identity in architecture. By establishing a methodology for design with an emphasis on program context and performance, a building will be able to become a brand for the company it represents, the context the project is situated in, and the typology of program it represents. The following pages set out to document this design process through site and program analysis derived from case studies and text reference. The preceding analysis will result in a speculation of programmatic relationships and there implications on the site

Volume 63-3 Complete Issue

The complete issue of Volume 63, Issue 3, originally uploaded to Gamma Theta Upsilon Novemeber 202

Cover, Forewards, and Editor Note

Volume 63-3 Cover, Forewords, Table of Contents, and Note from the Edito

Comparing Voting Districts with Uncertain Data Envelopment Analysis

Gerrymandering voting districts is one of the most salient concerns of contemporary American society, and the creation of new voting maps, along with their subsequent legal challenges, speaks for much of our modern political discourse. The legal, societal, and political debate over serviceable voting districts demands a concept of fairness, which is a loosely characterized, but amorphous, concept that has evaded precise definition. We advance a new paradigm to compare voting maps that avoids the pitfalls associated with an a priori metric being used to uniformly assess maps. Our evaluative method instead shows how to use uncertain data envelopment analysis to assess maps on a variety of metrics, a tactic that permits each district to be assessed separately and optimally. We test our methodology on a collection of proposed and publicly available maps to illustrate our assessment strategy.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figure

Quartzite Fabric Transition in a Cordilleran Metamorphic Core Complex

Photomicrographs 143A-143F record fabric variations in quartzite with increasing structural depth in a \u3e 1 km thick, amphibolite-facies, normal-sense shear zone in the East Humboldt metamorphic core complex, Nevada (Figure 143.1). This shear zone and the overlying detachment system unroofed an infrastructure of high-grade, migmatitic gneiss during Oligocene to early Miocene extension (Dallmeyer and others, 1986; Wright and Snoke, 1993; McGrew and Snee, 1994). Thermobarometric constraints from near the base of the mylonitic zone record deformation conditions of 550°- 620°C and 300-400 MPa (Hurlow and others, 1991). Sample WBC6 (l43A and 143B) characterizes the mylonitic zone, whereas sample 8706-1 (143C and 143D) is transitional in nature, and sample 8727-3 (143E and 143F) represents the infrastructure (Figure 143.1). These three samples record a decreasing contribution from simple shear strain and an actual reversal in shear sense at the deepest structural levels. Inferred variations in quartz deformation mechanisms probably reflect decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature with depth beneath the detachment. We argue that the East Humboldt Range shear system represents a fundamental boundary between an upper crust deforming primarily by rigid block translation and a deeper crust deforming by regional-scale ductile flow