FSCSCOOT: Functional Calculus Competitive Swarm Coot Optimization-based CNN transfer learning for Parkinson’s disease classification

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder of the central nervous system that causes difficulty in movement, often including tremors and rigidity. Early detection of PD can prevent symptoms up to a certain age and increase life expectancy. For this purpose, we have used brain images from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. Generally dementia can be either classified as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s or sometimes may be due to tumor in brain. Therefore, effectual methods such as Competitive Swarm Coot Optimization_ Convolutional Neural Network (CSCOOT_CNN) with transfer learning and Fractional CSCOOT_ deep neuro-fuzzy network (FCSCOOT_DNFN are newly introduced for classification of brain diseases. At first, input images are acquired from particular datasets, and then input images are given to the pre-processing stage.  In a pre-processing module, median filter is utilized for the elimination of noises. Afterward, pre-processed image is then subjected to feature extraction in which CNN features are extracted. In the level of classification, the images are classified into Parkinson by DNFN that is trained utilizing the introduced FCSCOOT algorithm. Furthermore, the FCSCOOT algorithm is newly designed by combination of Fractional Calculus (FC) with CSCOOT algorithm

Myocardial perfusion and viability by positron emission tomography in infants and children with coronary abnormalities correlation with echocardiography,coronary angiography, and histopathology

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to assess the feasibility and accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in infants and children.BackgroundPositron emission tomography is employed in adults for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion and the detection of myocardial viability.MethodsPerfusion and metabolism findings on PET in infants and children with suspected coronary abnormalities (age 14 days to 12 years old, mean 3.3 ± 4.0 years) were correlated with findings on coronary angiography, echocardiography, and myocardial histopathology. The segmental myocardial uptake of the flow tracer 13N-ammonia and of the glucose tracer 18F-deoxyglucose (18FDG) was graded on a five-point scale and compared with the angiographic perfusion score, with regional wall motion, and the presence of fibrosis.ResultsThere was an agreement of r = 0.72 (p < 0.05) between regional myocardial perfusion and angiography. The correlation of histopathologic changes with normal, moderately, and severely reduced segmental 13N-ammonia uptake was 87%, 60%, and 75%, respectively. Segmental myocardial 18FDG uptake and histopathologic findings were concordant in 48 (79%) of 64 segments without fibrosis; absence of viability by perfusion and metabolism imaging correlated with the presence of fibrosis in 21 (84%) of 25 segments.ConclusionsThe observed agreements between the findings on PET perfusion and metabolism imaging with those on coronary angiography, echocardiography, and histopathology support the utility and accuracy of PET for characterizing myocardial perfusion abnormalities and viability in pediatric patients

Measurement of Parity-Violating Asymmetry in Electron-Deuteron Inelastic Scattering

The parity-violating asymmetries between a longitudinally polarized electron beam and an unpolarized deuterium target have been measured recently. The measurement covered two kinematic points in the deep-inelastic scattering region and five in the nucleon resonance region. We provide here details of the experimental setup, data analysis, and results on all asymmetry measurements including parity-violating electron asymmetries and those of inclusive pion production and beam-normal asymmetries. The parity-violating deep-inelastic asymmetries were used to extract the electron-quark weak effective couplings, and the resonance asymmetries provided the first evidence for quark-hadron duality in electroweak observables. These electron asymmetries and their interpretation were published earlier, but are presented here in more detail

Measurement of Double-Polarization asymmetries in the Quasi-Elastic He→ 3 (e→, e′ p) Process

We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of 3He proceeding to pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2 = 0.25 (GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 250 MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of 3He and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of 3He unless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup process is much smaller than previously thought

Measurement of Double-Polarization asymmetries in the Quasi-Elastic He→ 3 (e→, e′ p) Process

We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of 3He proceeding to pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2 = 0.25 (GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 250 MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of 3He and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of 3He unless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup process is much smaller than previously thought

First Measurement of Unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections From a He 3 Target

The unpolarized semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) differential cross sections in 3He(e,e′π±)X have been measured for the first time in Jefferson Lab experiment E06-010 with a 5.9GeV e- beam on a 3He gas target. The experiment focuses on the valence quark region, covering a kinematic range 0.12\u3cxbj\u3c0.45,1\u3cQ2\u3c4(GeV/c)2,0.45\u3czh\u3c0.65, and 0.05\u3cPt\u3c0.55GeV/c. The extracted SIDIS differential cross sections of π± production are compared with existing phenomenological models while the 3He nucleus approximated as two protons and one neutron in a plane-wave picture, in multidimensional bins. Within the experimental uncertainties, the azimuthal modulations of the cross sections are found to be consistent with zero. © 2017 American Physical Society

Measurement of “Pretzelosity” Asymmetry of Charged Pion Production in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Polarized \u3csup\u3e3\u3c/sup\u3eHe Target

An experiment to measure single-spin asymmetries of semi-inclusive production of charged pions in deep-inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized 3He target was performed at Jefferson Laboratory in the kinematic region of 0.16\u3cx\u3c0.35 and 1.42\u3c2.7 GeV2 Pretzelosity asymmetries on 3He, which are expressed as the convolution of the h⊥1T transverse-momentum-dependent distribution functions and the Collins fragmentation functions in the leading order, were measured for the first time. Under the effective polarization approximation, we extracted the corresponding neutron asymmetries from the measured 3He asymmetries and cross-section ratios between the proton and 3He. Our results show that both π± on 3He and on neutron pretzelosity asymmetries are consistent with zero within experimental uncertainties

Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Quasielastic Scattering from the Reaction \u3csup\u3e3\u3c/sup\u3eHe\u3csup\u3e↑\u3c/sup\u3e(\u3cem\u3ee\u3c/em\u3e,\u3cem\u3ee\u3c/em\u3e′ )

We report the first measurement of the target single-spin asymmetry, Ay, in quasielastic scattering from the inclusive reaction 3He↑(e,e′ ) on a 3He gas target polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero for one-photon exchange. A nonzero Ay can arise from the interference between the one- and two-photon exchange processes which is sensitive to the details of the substructure of the nucleon. An experiment recently completed at Jefferson Lab yielded asymmetries with high statistical precision at Q2=0.13, 0.46, and 0.97  GeV2. These measurements demonstrate, for the first time, that the 3He asymmetry is clearly nonzero and negative at the 4σ–9σ level. Using measured proton-to-3He cross-section ratios and the effective polarization approximation, neutron asymmetries of −(1–3)% were obtained. The neutron asymmetry at high Q2 is related to moments of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Our measured neutron asymmetry at Q2=0.97  GeV2 agrees well with a prediction based on two-photon exchange using a GPD model and thus provides a new, independent constraint on these distributions