Skrammer i de baltiske succeshistorier

Ib Alken om Finanskrisens konsekvenser i det Balistiske område.&nbsp

Effects of propiverine and its metabolite propiverine-N-oxide on bladder contraction and salivation in mini pigs

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of propiverine-HCl (P4) and propiverine-N-oxide (P4NO), one of the major metabolites of P4, on bladder contraction in a standardized in vivo model. Additionally, salivary flow measurements enabled the evaluation of hyposalivation, one of the most predominant anticholinergic side effects. Materials and Methods: Ten male mini pigs were anesthetized. P4 (0.4 mg/kg b.w.) and P4NO (0.422 mg/kg b.w.) were administered intravenously. Bladder contractions were induced through sacral anterior root stimulation and cystometrogram evaluation was performed. For stimulation-induced salivary flow measurements, the lingual nerve was exposed for neurostimulation. The effects of P4 and P4NO on stimulation-induced bladder contraction and salivation were evaluated in 5 mini pigs, respectively. Results: In all experiments, for each animal reproducible intravesical pressure values (Pves) were elicited during sacral anterior root stimulation before administration of the study drug. After administration of P4, Pves decreased by 64% whereas P4NO decreased Pves by 28%. Inhibition of salivary flow with P4 and P4NO was 71 and 32%, respectively. Directly following intravenous administration of P4, a short-term and reversible period of mild fluctuations in heart rate was observed. Administration of P4NO revealed no changes in either heart rate, or blood pressure. Conclusion: All of the investigated parameters revealed less anticholinergic effects for P4NO compared to P4. Under the experimental conditions described above, it may be assumed that P4NO behaves as a substance with poor anticholinergic effects with respect to side effects. As expected, P4 showed anticholinergic effects on bladder contraction and salivation. Copyrigh

COMPETENCIES AND THE COMPETENCE LEVEL: ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF DEFINITIONS

An analytical review of definitions of the concepts of "competency" and "competence level" is made based on the requirements imposed on the definitions, and the specific signs

Integrating Technical and Nontechnical Skills in Hands-On Surgical Training

Safe and effective surgery requires high-quality technical and nontechnical skills. Although the importance of nontechnical skills has become increasingly clear, today’s surgical curricula still lack formal training in nontechnical skills. In this chapter, we discuss how to integrate technical and nontechnical skills training into surgical curricula and provide strategies on how to teach both skill sets concurrently in a hands-on setting

Analysis of the Implementation of Religious Morals in Literacy Activities in Elementary School

The research aimed to find out how to apply religious morals and literacy activities in elementary schools. This research used qualitative research methods with this type of concept analysis research. The data were collected through observation, interview and documentation, and then analyzed using Miles and Huberman techniques namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion withdrawal. The research procedure went through several stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the completion stage. The research was conducted in SD Negeri 13/I Muara Bulian. The result of this study showed that literacy activities conducted in the classroom were reading 15 minutes before learning and reading chapter Yasin routine every Friday. The activicty was effective enough to apply moral values especially religious morals to students if the book read contains many moral values in it.&nbsp

PENGARUH MODEL MEANINGFUL INSTRUCTION DESIGN DENGAN PENDEKATAN RME TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI PECAHAN

Meaningful Instruction Design (MID) merupakan model pembelajaran yang mengutamakan kebermaknaan bagi siswa agar memudahkan siswa dalam mengingat kembali materi yang telah dipelajari. Alasan dilakukan penelitian ini dikarenakan studi pendahuluan yang mengatakan bahwa pembelajaran matematika masih disajikan secara abstrak, serta dengan model yang konvensional sehingga terkesan membosankan, serta kesulitan guru dalam menjelaskan materi matematika terutama pada materi pecahan. Hal ini tentunya berdampak pada perolehan hasil belajar. Maka dari itu, diperlukan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) berbasis kehidupan nyata yang akan memudahkan dalam menjelaskan pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model MID dengan pendekatan RME terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis praeksperimen dengan desain pretes dan postes satu grup. Teknik pengambilan sampel seacra bertujuan sebanyak 20 sampel dari total populasi sebanyak 23 siswa. Dari hasil perhitungan, rata-rata pretest dan postes siswa yaitu sebesar 22,762 yang memiliki kenaikan hasil belajar yang signifkan. Kemudian dari signifikansi yang diperoleh yaitu 0,00 2,086 (t tabel), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model MID dengan pendekatan RME memiliki pengaruh positif dalam peningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa materi pecahan

A Comparative Study of Numerical Simulation Strategies in Injection Molding

Injection molding is undoubtedly one of the most widely used manufacturing process for polymers [1]. Due to its advantages over other processing techniques in terms of good surface finish, the ability to process complex parts without the need of secondary operations and low cost for mass production, injection molding has found its way into various branches of industry [2]. In order to implement process optimization a thorough understanding of the material behaviour, the filling process as well as the underlying physical phenomena is necessary. A suitable way to address this issue is the application of numerical simulation of the injection molding process. In this contribution the authors present a comparative numerical study for the mold filling of an exemplary thin-walled mold geometry. For the numerical simulation the commercial CFD software packages Cadmould 3D-F and ANSYS CFX are employed. Both software packages make use of different simulation strategies. In ANSYS CFX a threedimensional classical CFD approach is employed for the mold filling which is of course very accurate but extremely time consuming. Cadmould 3D-F pursues a generalized Hele­Shaw approximation (also known as so-called 2,5-D approach) which is due to some simplifying assumptions less accurate but also much less costly in terms of computing time [2, 5]

Pleuroperitoneal Leak Complicating Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Series

Pressure related complications such as abdominal wall hernias occur with relative frequency in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Less frequently, a transudative pleural effusion containing dialysate can develop. This phenomenon appears to be due to increased intra-abdominal pressure in the setting of congenital or acquired diaphragmatic defects. We report three cases of pleuroperitoneal leak that occurred within a nine-month period at our institution. We review the literature on this topic, and discuss management options. The pleural effusion resolved in one patient following drainage of the peritoneum and a switch to haemodialysis. One patient required emergency thoracocentesis. The third patient developed a complex effusion requiring surgical intervention. The three cases highlight the variability of this condition in terms of timing, symptoms and management. The diagnosis of a pleuroperitoneal leak is an important one as it is managed very differently to most transudative pleural effusions seen in this patient population. Surgical repair may be necessary in those patients who wish to resume peritoneal dialysis, or in those patients with complex effusions. Pleuroperitoneal leak should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pleural effusion, particularly a right-sided effusion, in a patient on peritoneal dialysis

The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2015-2020

This report contains a complete description of the World Magnetic Model (WMM) 2015. Section 1 contains information that users of WMM2015 require in order to implement the model and software in navigation and heading systems, and to understand magnetic charts, poles and geomagnetic coordinate systems. Section 2 contains a detailed summary of the data used and the modeling techniques employed. Section 3 contains an assessment of the model uncertainties and a description of the error model provided with the WMM2015. Section 4 contains charts of all the magnetic elements at 2015.0 and their expected annual rates of change between 2015.0 and 2020.0. These predicted changes are based upon the best knowledge of the geomagnetic main field evolution at the time the WMM was released. Sponsored by the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the U.K. Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), the World Magnetic Model (WMM) is produced by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC) and the British Geological Survey (BGS). It is the standard model used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the U.K. Ministry of Defence, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), for navigation, attitude and heading referencing systems using the geomagnetic field. It is also used widely in civilian navigation and heading systems