Cycloserine induced psychosis among patient's on second line treatment for drug resistant tuberculosis in Bauchi and Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Adverse effects from second line drugs used in MDRTB treatment include neuropsychiatric effects which are usually very significant as they may cause anxiety and lead to default and poor adherence by patients if quick recognition and intervention is not available. This case series aims highlight the occurrence of cycloserine related psychosis among patient on treatment for MDR-TB in Nigeria, with the objective of promoting adequate evaluation and quick response and treatment to this important ADR.Method: The case records of 3 patients from two MDR-TB in-patient treatment centers in Nigeria and a review of the existing literature was utilized.Results: An association was found with the use of Cycloserine and development of Psychosis during the management of these patients with MDR-TB. Early recognition and quick treatment is required to ensure treatment continuation and resolution of the ADR.Conclusion: Patients with MDR-TB on Cycloserine containing CAT IV regimen should be monitored closely for neuropsychiatric  side effects for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment.Keywords: Cycloserine; Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis; Adverse Drug Reactions; Psychosis;Nigeri

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as Measured By FEVl, FVC AND, FEVl/FVC Ratio Among Saw Mill Workers in Jos, Northern Nigeria

Background: The lung is organ most affected by occupation-related toxin inhalation after the skin. Exposure to wood dust is associated with serious health hazards, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of COPD among saw mill workers in an urban metropolis in North central Nigeria.Methodology: In this case-control study, we compared the prevalence of COPD amongst 200 healthy adults and 200 workers employed at four saw mills in Jos, North central Nigeria. In both subjects and control groups, we assessed ventilatory function using a vitalograph spirometer to measure FEVl, FVC, andFEVl/FVC ratio.Results: Amongst the control group, various respiratory symptoms were prevalent in 0-2% of subjects, while impaired FEVl and FVC values suggestive of an obstructive ventilatory defect was detected in 1%. Amongst study subjects, respiratory symptoms were prevalent in 22-80%, while impaired FEVl and FVC values was detected in 40%, of whom 35% had an obstructive defect and 5% had a restrictive defect.Conclusions: Respiratory symptoms and COPD are prevalent among saw mill workers in Northern Nigeria, where exposure to saw dust can be reduced by improved working conditions and better public awareness.Keywords: COPD; Spirometry; Sawmill workers; Nigeri

FEV1, FVC, FEV1 /FVVC as predictors of rhinitis among saw mill workers in north central Nigeria

Background: Rhinitis is one of the commonest occupational related respiratory disorders that is only restricted to the upper airway but can involve the lower respiratory tract with considerable airflow limitation, this study was conducted assess the ventilator function of persons exposed to saw dust with rhinitis symptomsMethods: This is a cross sectional study carried out among 200 randomly selected saw mill workers and 200 healthy staff of Jos University Teaching Hospital staff in Jos metropolis from September to November 2008. Data on sociodemographic variables, symptoms of rhinitis, etc was obtained using a modified semi structured British medical research council questionnaire while respiratory function data was measured using a spirometryResult: A total of 400 responds comprising of 200 saw mill workers and 200 controls participated in this study. Based on diagnostic criteria. 43% of the subjects fit into diagnosis of rhinitis, 33% had asthma symptoms and 24 % did not fit into any category compared to none of < 5% of the control group. The ventilatory function based on FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio and PEFR showed a significant decline when matched with controls and predicted value, suggesting an airflow limitation among the rhinitis group.Conclusion: Rhinitis associated with wood dust exposure is not restricted to airway but involves the entire respiratory tract with airflow limitation as one of its consequences.Keywords: Ventilatory function, Rhinitis, wood dust exposur

Trends in pediatric tuberculosis diagnosis utilizing xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin in a poor-resource, high-burden region: A retrospective, multicenter study

Background: The burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria remains high, and diagnosis in children, a challenge. We aimed to document yield from Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) as a mode of diagnosis for children and the variables associated with a positive result. Methods: This was a retrospective review of TB treatment cards of children aged 0–15 years managed from January 2017 to December 2021 across six public tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical significance was set at P 10 years), the presence of pulmonary TB (PTB), and a negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status were associated with positive Xpert MTB/RIF tests (P = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The utilization of Xpert MTB/RIF in children increased in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with MTB detection by Xpert MTB/RIF include older age, the presence of PTB, and a negative HIV status. Clinical and radiological evaluation continues to play vital roles in the diagnosis of childhood TB in Nigeria