A Study of Delay and Data Traffic of IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee-Based WSN in a Smart Home

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) play a key role in modern applications, for instance, in smart homes as will be demonstrated in this paper. ZigBee technology provides better support when compared with WiFi, Bluetooth and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) standards regarding transmission range. This paper deals with the use of ZigBee WSN in a domestic application, namely smart home control. This model comprises a smart home with multiple rooms, designed in such a way that each room has sensors comprise for a varied environment. The sensor nodes will be presented by ZigBee end device which transmits the traffic to a master node in the form of a ZigBee coordinator. An OPNET modeler V14.5 was used in this simulation study. This paper presents seven models related to delay and data traffic received to improve WSN performance. Seven different WSN designs variations were utilized according to the number of rooms, sensors, coordinators, and routers. The outcomes demonstrate that one coordinator model causes more delay when compared with multiple coordinator models. Conversely, the presence of a router causes additional delay. This model should help electrical engineers when designing smart homes that utilize WSNs

A feasibility study of electrical energy generation from municipal solid waste in Iraq: Najaf case study

In several developing countries, the electricity crisis obstructs both socio-economic and technological sustainable evolution. Also, it leads to reducing job availability due to shut down several industries or relocate to neighbouring countries to such an issue. A Najaf City is an important holy and tourist city in the middle of Iraq country. Indeed, waste management in An Najaf City needs to be reconsidered to be used as an energy source. In this article, we investigated and listed the waste quantity which produced recently (one year) respect to waste types and types of content. Data collected from the waste products for one year and are used as a key factor to study the feasibility of generating electrical energy from collected MSWs. The proposed model was simulated and tested respect to cost analysis factor of the suggested power plant by Homer pro simulation software. Results were very encouraging and competitive to the current energy production cost based on the production cost of the Kwh prospective among the conventional methods in Iraq. The proposed scenario provide proper and secure waste proposal technique with low-cost

A unique universal block in QCA technology

The limitations of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) such as high-power dissipation, short channel effects, and high lithography has prompted scientists to look forward to alternatives. Many nanotechnologies were emerged and still in the competition such as Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET), Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (CNFET), Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). QCA is a new nanoelectronics technology used a new method for calculations and it is a promising technology in terms of power dissipation. In QCA, circuit complexity is depending on cell count, area and latency. For commercial purposes a universal gate is necessary, this gate can be used alone to design any Boolean function, where in CMOS technology, the NAND or NOT gates have the ability to be a universal gate. The dominant gates in QCA are the majority gate with inverter where QCA circuits cannot be designed using only a universal gate. Because the structure of the gate is important in QCA, this paper introduces a new low complexity singular block that can be used as a universal block. The proposed block can be used to form AND, OR, NOT, Exclusive-OR (XOR) and Multiplexer (MUX). So, this block not just used to design any circuit but also it can be used to form other important functions XOR and MUX to build large circuits in an optimum form