CARACTERÍSTICAS DE CARCAÇA E QUALIDADE DA CARNE DE NOVILHOS CONFINADOS EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇOS INDIVIDUAIS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the meat and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers finished in different individual spaces. We used 48 steers, with average initial age and weight of 20 months and 243.4 kg, respectively. The animals were placed in collective stalls and distributed into treatments according to the available individual space, 2.5; 5.0 and 10 m2. The diet contained roughage:concentrate relation of 39:61 (dry matter basis). Individual spaces did not influence hot and cold carcass weight, means of 226.0 and 222.1 kg, respectively, as well their respective carcass dressing, 58.5 and 57.0 kg/ 100 kg live weight. For all treatments, the carcasses showed the minimum fat thickness required, 3 mm, being similar among the different individual spaces evaluated. The weight and percentage of commercial cuts, the absolute weight and the tissue participation in the carcass were similar among the individual spaces. The pH and temperature in Longissimus dorsi and Recto femoralis muscles were not altered by individual spaces. Color, texture, marbling, and the meat sensorial characteristics (tenderness, juiciness and palatability) were not influenced by different individual spaces. The shear force showed mean of 5.06 kgF/cm3. The number of lesions, location and time of occurrence was not influenced by different individual space. The individual space for feedlot steers during finishing did not influence carcass and meat characteristics, when slaughtered at 24 months of age

FAT SOURCES IN DIETS FOR FEEDLOT-FINISHED STEERS - CARCASS AND MEAT CHARACTERISTICS

The object of this study was to compare the effect of different sources of fat in the diet for feedlot steers on carcass and meat characteristics. Twenty steers were distributed into four treatments: BC – basic concentrate; IRB – basic concentrate + rice bran + rice oil; M3 - basic concentrate + 3% of fatty acids calcium salts; and M6 – basic concentrate + 6% of fatty acids calcium salts. Previously to slaughter, the animals were submitted to a 14-hour fasting and were weighted to obtain slaughter weight. The slaughter was carried out in a commercial slaughterhouse and followed normal slaughter flow. Thecomplete randomized block experimental design was used, with four treatments and four replications (blocks), being the animals’ genetic group the blocking criteria. The highest fat accumulation was found in carcasses of animals from M6 treatments (5.21mm). Animals thatconsumed 6% of fatty acid calcium salts showed carcass with higher edible portion (6.31 vs. average of 5.7, respectively, for M6 and others treatments). The inclusion of fatty acids calcium salts in the diet improved carcass finishing and increased carcass total fat content. The inclusion of rice bran and oil or fatty acid calcium salts did not change animal’s meat characteristics

Influência do peso ao início da terminação sobre as características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos mestiços Nelore × Charolês

Foram utilizados 12 novilhos 5/8 Nelore 3/8 Charolês, com média de 22 meses de idade (660 dias). Na entrada do confinamento, os animais foram divididos em duas categorias, conforme a idade inicial ao confinamento: animais leves - peso vivo (PV) inicial de 362,67 kg; e animais pesados - peso vivo inicial de 441,83 kg. O peso de abate determinado para ambos os grupos foi de 500 kg. Os animais foram alimentados com silagem de milho e concentrado (relação 60:40). Os pesos iniciais aumentaram o tempo de confinamento, uma vez que os animais leves permaneceram no confinamento 94 dias e os pesados, 30 dias. Os animais leves tiveram portes iniciais e finais menores e apresentaram carcaças com maior espessura de gordura. O costilhar foi o único corte comercial influenciado pelo peso inicial. Animais mais pesados ao início do confinamento apresentaram maior porcentagem de traseiro e menor de costilhar. A quantidade de músculo foi maior nos animais mais pesados. O menor peso inicial resultou em animais de menor porte e com menor altura de garupa, maior espessura de gordura na carcaça e no costilhar e menor quantidade de traseiro e músculo. As características da carne não foram influenciadas pelos pesos ao início do confinamento

Protected fat supplementation for early weaned beef cows maintained in nature pasture

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of beef cows, as well as the performance of their calves according to the following dietary treatments: PRE: supplemented with protected fat (PF) during 45 days prepartum; PREPOS: supplemented with PF during 45 days prepartum and 63 days postpartum; POS: supplemented with PF during 63 days postpartum; PN: without supplementation. The productive performance of cows was not influenced by feed management (P>0.05), except for body condition score (BCS), which was lower for PRE and PREPOS cows at the end of mating season, with the latter cows having similar BCS POS and PN. The calving interval (CI) was shorter for cows supplemented in PREPOS - 376 days -, and did not differ in cows maintained in PN - 383 days. Supplemented PREPOS cows weaned 4.4% more pounds of calf per 100kg of cow at calving - 22.6kg - than the PRE and POS cows - 21.6kg and 21.6kg, respectively - and 8,4% more pounds of calf per 100 of cow at calving than the cows maintained in native pasture - 20.7kg. The fat protected supplementation during pre and/or postpartum periods did not affect the performance of cows and calves.Avaliaram-se os desempenhos produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas de corte, bem como o desempenho de seus bezerros, de acordo com os tratamentos alimentares: PRE: suplementação com gordura protegida (GP) 45 dias antes do parto; PREPOS: suplementação com GP 45 dias antes do parto e 63 dias pós-parto; POS: suplementação com GP 63 dias pós-parto; PN: sem suplementação. O desempenho produtivo das vacas não foi influenciado pelo manejo alimentar (P>0,05), exceto para o escore da condição corporal (ECC) no final do período de acasalamento, que foi mais baixo para as vacas do PRE e do PREPOS, sendo que esta última apresentou ECC semelhante ao das vacas do POS e do PN. O intervalo entre partos foi menor para as vacas do tratamento PREPOS - 376 dias -, não diferindo das vacas do PN - 383 dias. As vacas do PREPOS desmamaram 4,4% mais quilos de bezerro para cada 100kg de vaca ao parto - 22,6kg - do que as vacas do PRE e do POS - 21,6kg e 21,6kg, respectivamente - e 8,4% mais quilos de bezerro para cada 100kg de vaca ao parto do que as vacas mantidas em pastagem nativa - 20,7kg. A suplementação com gordura protegida durante os períodos pré e/ou pós-parto não afeta o desempenho de vacas e bezerros