Long-term impact of the low-FODMAP diet on gastrointestinal symptoms, dietary intake, patient acceptability, and healthcare utilization in irritable bowel syndrome

Background: The low-FODMAP diet is a frequently used treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Most research has focused on short-term FODMAP restriction; however, guidelines recommend that high-FODMAP foods are reintroduced to individual tolerance. This study aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness of the low-FODMAP diet following FODMAP reintroduction in IBS patients. Methods: Patients with IBS were prospectively recruited to a questionnaire study following completion of dietitian-led low-FODMAP education. At baseline and following FODMAP restriction (short term) only, gastrointestinal symptoms were measured as part of routine clinical care. Following FODMAP reintroduction, (long term), symptoms, dietary intake, acceptability, food-related quality of life (QOL), and healthcare utilization were assessed. Data were reported for patients who continued long-term FODMAP restriction (adapted FODMAP) and/or returned to a habitual diet (habitual). Key Results: Of 103 patients, satisfactory relief of symptoms was reported in 12% at baseline, 61% at short-term follow-up, and 57% at long-term follow-up. At long-term follow-up, 84 (82%) patients continued an ‘adapted FODMAP’ diet (total FODMAP intake mean 20.6, SD 14.9\ua0g/d) compared with 19 (18%) of patients following a ‘habitual’ diet (29.4, SD 22.9\ua0g/d, P=.039). Nutritional adequacy was not compromised for either group. The ‘adapted FODMAP’ group reported the diet cost significantly more than the ‘habitual’ group (

The ratio of aberrant exon 3-3A/B splicing (generating the SV2-5 splice-forms) to all transcripts that include exons 2, 3 & 4.

<p>The difference in PCR cycle times (ΔCt) for cDNAs for (n) liver biopsy samples divided by rs3745274 (<i>CYP2B6*6</i>) and rs3786552 genotype, as dictated by the optimum model predicting ΔCt (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079700#pone-0079700-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>). Relative expression, ΔCt, was determined by subtracting the Ct value of the PCR reaction using primers ‘2/3F’ and ‘4R’ from the Ct value of the PCR reaction using primers ‘2/3F’ and ‘3/3AB R’ (Fig. 4). The boxplot provides a summary of the data distribution. The box represents the interquartile range, which includes 50% of values. The line across the box indicates the median. The whisker lines extend to the highest and lowest values that are within 1.5x the interquartile range. Further outliers are marked with circles.</p

Saxifraga cherlerioides D. Don var. rebunshirensis Hara

原著和名: シコタンサウ科名: ユキノシタ科 = Saxifragaceae採集地: 長野県 八ヶ岳麓 (信濃 八ヶ岳麓)採集日: 1953/7/12採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH046163国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-99616

Common <i>CYP2B6</i> splice-forms, and the relative locations of primers used in quantitative real-time splice-form expression assays.

<p>Splice form nomenclature follows prior literature <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079700#pone.0079700-Hofmann1" target="_blank">[27]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079700#pone.0079700-Lamba1" target="_blank">[28]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079700#pone.0079700-Miles1" target="_blank">[38]</a>. The locations of common non-synonymous variants are marked on the full-length transcript. Not to scale.</p

Additional file 4: of Genome-wide association study of prolactin levels in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

File contains a Q-Q plot of the CSF data used in this study. (DOCX 76 kb

Additional file 10: of Variants in ACPP are associated with cerebrospinal fluid Prostatic Acid Phosphatase levels

File contains a Q-Q plot of the CSF in the Knight ADRC samples. (DOCX 52 kb

Additional file 3: of Genome-wide association study of prolactin levels in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

File contains a Q-Q plot of the plasma data used in this study. (DOCX 74 kb

<i>CYP2B6</i> variants predicting aberrant exon 7-8A splicing, generating the λMP8 splice-form, versus correct exon 7-8 splicing, individually or in an optimum multivariate model.

a<p>Difference in PCR cycle time (ΔCt) determined by subtracting the Ct value of the PCR reaction using primers ‘7/8F’ and ‘9R’ from the Ct value of the PCR reaction using primers ‘7/8A F’ and ‘9R’ (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079700#pone-0079700-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a>, primer sequences in table S4).</p

<i>CYP2B6</i> variants predicting aberrant exon 3-3A/B splicing, generating the SV2-5 splice-forms, versus all transcripts that include exons 2, 3 & 4, individually or in an optimum multivariate model.

a<p>Difference in PCR cycle time (ΔCt) determined by subtracting the Ct value of the PCR reaction using primers ‘2/3F’ and ‘4R’ from the Ct value of the PCR reaction using primers ‘2/3F’ and ‘3/3AB R’ (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0079700#pone-0079700-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a>, primer sequences in table S4).</p

The ratio of allele-specific gene expression (ΔCt) for cDNAs from rs3211371 (<i>CYP2B6*5</i>) heterozygous liver biopsy samples.

<p>Samples, excluding rs2279343 heterozygotes, are either heterozygous (CT) at rs8100458 (C/*5, n = 5), or rs8100458 TT homozygotes (T/*5, n = 4). ΔCt differs significantly by genotype (p = 0.025). Relative expression, ΔCt, was determined by subtracting the smaller Ct value of one allele PCR reaction from the larger Ct value of the other allele PCR reaction normalized against the average ratio obtained from gDNAs for each genotype. The boxplot provides a summary of the data distribution. The box represents the interquartile range, which includes 50% of values. The line across the box indicates the median. The whisker lines extend to the highest and lowest values that are within 1.5x the interquartile range. Further outliers are marked with circles.</p