Oral manifestation and salivary changes in renal patients undergoing hemodialysis

Salivary changes in hemodialysis patients may result in various oral manifestations. This research intended to determine oral manifestations and some salivary markers in hemodialysis patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis patients (the patient group) and 30 healthy individuals (the control group). Saliva urea and calcium levels and pH values of the participants were measured, and oral manifestations such as pale mucosa, xerostomia, halitosis, changes in the sense of taste, increased calculus formation, gingival bleeding, etc. were recorded in the information collection form. The data was analyzed using T-test and chi-square, and p<0.05 was considered to be significant. The mean salivary urea level and pH value in the patient group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to salivary calcium. Halitosis, xerostomia, and increased calculus were the most prevalent manifestations, and gum bleeding was the least prevalent among the patients. Advanced chronic renal insufficiency can increase salivary urea level, pH value, halitosis, xerostomia, and calculus formation, and may cause pale mucosa

Impact of Organization and Environment Components on Corporate Entrepreneurship and Firm Performance: Mediating Role of Corporate Entrepreneurship Exploring on Literature Review

ABSTRACT The corporate entrepreneurship is one of the important concepts that its benefits were remarkable in recent years for a lot of organizations and business institutions such as industry, agriculture and service sectors. It can have a significant impact on organizational performance. In this regard, corporate entrepreneurship facilitates the efforts and activities of organizations related to utilizing competitive advantages and recognizing opportunities and capabilities which are needed for exploitation of those opportunities. The corporate entrepreneurship can be influenced by different environmental and organizational factors that these factors can impact the corporate entrepreneurship development and also organizational performance. Findings revealed that systematic internal, environmental and organizational factors influence the organizational entrepreneurship. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship performance