The Geographical Distribution of Laryngeal Cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2014

Background: Laryngeal cancer accounts for about 1 to 2 % of all cancers; this incidence rate depends on the geographical region and ethnicity. Due to the lack of a comprehensive epidemiological study on laryngeal cancer in recent years, we designed this study to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of laryngeal cancer. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of laryngeal cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2014. Methods: The data collected from the Iranian National Cancer Data System registry, all the cases of laryngeal cancer (with topography code 32 and histology of laryngeal cancer) have been retrieved and analyzed from a comprehensive cancer database during the 11 years' period. Then statistical data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16. Results: During the 11-year study, 13,241 new cases of laryngeal cancer were recorded, of which 11454 were men (86%) and 1788 were women (14%). According to this assessment, North Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, and East Azerbaijan provinces had the highest growth rate, and North Khorasan, Gilan, and Kerman provinces with the highest incidence rates of 4.44, 3.29, and 2.23 per 100,000 respectively, between 2004 and 2014. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the incidence rate of laryngeal cancer, especially in women, is increasing in Iran. Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of increased incidence

Prevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients and Injection Drug Users Compared to Healthy Blood Donors in Isfahan, Iran

Introduction. The pathogenicity and transmission routes of Transfusion Transmitted Virus (TTV) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in hemodialysis patients, injecting drug users (IDUs), and healthy blood donors, in Isfahan, Iran. Method. In a case-control study, a total of 108 subjects were put into three groups namely Group I, 36 hemodialysis patients; Group II, 36 IDUs; and Group III, 36 healthy blood donors as the control group. A 5 ml blood sample was collected from each subject in an EDTA-containing tube. Samples were tested for TTV DNA by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The mean age was years. Seventy-one subjects (66%) were male. Of the108 cases, 30 (27.8%) were TTV positive and 78 (72.2%) were TTV negative. The prevalence of TTV in IDUs [21 (58%)] was significantly higher than in the other groups [group I: 6 (17 %) and group III: 3 (8%)] (). Conclusion. The prevalence of TTV in IDUs is significantly higher than in both hemodialysis patients and general population in Isfahan, Iran. It seems necessary to take serious measures to reduce the risk of TTV transmission to IDUs’ close contacts and health care providers

groups and rhesus (Rh) factor

Chronic viral hepatitis and their relation to ABO bloo

Comparing the APACHE II score and IBM-10 score for predicting mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Background: VAP is defined as pneumonia in patients who use ventilators. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) scoring system was originally developed for predicting mortality in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Due to the complexity, a simpler score called IBMP-10 was developed. We designed the study to confirm and further investigate these two methods. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and analysis-descriptive study was done at the moment of VAP diagnosis on 60 patients in intensive care units. APACHE II and the IBMP-10 scores were calculated. ROC curves were generated to compare the new prediction rule with the APACHE II score. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyses were performed using SPSS, version 20 and P values of 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: APACHE II Score means (P < 0.001) and IBMP-10 score (P < 0.001) means had significant increase in Non-survivor patient than in patients who survived. APACHE II can be used as a good prediction measure for mortality rate. In IBMP-10 method, specificity and PPV were greater than APACHE II, but in mc-nemar test, there was no significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.55). Both prediction rules had high NPV. In our study, survivors′ prediction value in APACHE II was 46.7%, and in IBMP-10, it was 46.7%. Conclusion: IBMP-10, compared to APACHE II, has greater sensitivity, specificity, and AUC to predict mortality. So the consequence of the use of IBMP-10 was better than APACHE II

Immunocompromised patients: Review of the most common infections happened in 446 hospitalized patients

Background: Immunodeficiency is a heterogenous group of diseases affecting different components of the immune system. Patterns of infection, etiology and organ involvement are not similar in this risky population. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of congenital and acquiring immunodeficiencies and also recognizing the most common infections and affected organs. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional survey, during 2006-2012, we reviewed all hospital records with any kind of immunodeficiency admitted in, all departments of university referral hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Results: Various immunodeficiencies, sorted by prevalence, were as below: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) 122 (27.4%), lymphohematogenous malignancy (LHM) 105 (23.5%), solid cancer 56 (12.6%), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 64 (14.5%), non-cytotoxic immunosuppresion 94 (21%), and splenectomy 5 (1.2%). Common sources of infection were blood, lungs and buccal cavity. Conclusion: The most frequent type of immunodeficiency was PIDs and LHM. Infection continues to be a major problem in all variety of immunodeficiency

Prevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 in hospitalized adult patients with clinical diagnosis of meningoencephalitis using real-time polymerase chain reaction: A single-center, cross-sectional study

Background: Early diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) meningoencephalitis is very important because antiviral therapy significantly decreases mortality and morbidity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a reliable method with high sensitivity and specificity in detection of HSV-1. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 in patients with diagnosis of meningoencephalitis using real-time PCR. Materials and Methods: The cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 126 patients with clinical diagnosis of HSV-1 meningoencephalitis in Alzahra Referral Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. After deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, real-time PCR was performed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, as well. Results: Among 126 patients, 68.3% were male and 31.7% were female. The mean age of the participants was 41.96 ± 22.36 years. Most of the participants were in the age group of 20–29 years. Three patients (2.4%) had positive and 123 patients (97.6%) had negative HSV-1 DNA test. Among three positive cases, two were in the age group of 20–29 years and one in the age group of ≥80 years. No HSV-2 DNA was detected. Conclusion: According to the estimated prevalence of HSV-1 meningoencephalitis in the current study, it seems that the prevalence of HSV-1 meningoencephalitis is not too high in our community; therefore, initial empiric acyclovir therapy is frequently overused