Nursing errors and effect on health care: Perception of risk factors from view of nurse in Qazvin

Background and aims: In order to plan for preventing and decreasing the rate of nursing errors, understanding of nurse’s perception of nursing errors could be very helpful. This study was thus designed to examine the critical care nurses perception of nursing errors from view point of critical care nurses. Methods: This study was conducted in 9 hospitals in Qazvin province located in north of Iran. Using convenience sampling, all registered nurses who worked in critical care units were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected between January and March 2015 with using “predisposing factors of nursing errors questionnaire”. Results: Of 379 nurses participated in this study, 77.8 (N= 213) were women. The mean age of participants was 34±2.2 years and mean years of experience was 8.1±1.5 years. Totally, from view of nurses, most and lowest common cusecs of nursing errors were related to “management aspect” and “Team coordination” items respectively. Conclusion: Nursing educational systems should pay more attention to nurses’ perception to nursing errors and may consider their view during planning and education towards decreasing nursing errors in critical care setting

Incidence of pressure ulcer in patients who were admitted to open heart cardiac surgery intensive care unit

Background and aims: Cardiac surgery patients are at high risk of pressure ulcers. In the present study, we determined the incidence of pressure ulcer in patients who were admitted to open heart cardiac surgery intensive care unit and related risk factors. Methods: With using convenience sampling all the eligible patients who were admitted to Boali cardiac surgery during June to August 2015 were invited to participate in this study. Patients’ skins were assessed using pressure ulcer staging system developed by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) and Braden scale before operation, after operation (in time of cardiac intensive care unit admission) and one times per day to patients discharge for sign of pressure ulcer development. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and independent t-test in SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results: During 3 months, 70 patients who were eligible were admitted to cardiac intensive care unit. From all, in 32 (45.7%) patient’s pressure ulcer was seen. From those, 41.4% were in stage I and 4.3% were in stage II. Mean score of Braden score in time of ICU admission was 11.1±2.3 and 15.1±2.3 in patients with and without pressure ulcer development (P<0.001). Factors such as lower Braden Scale score (P=0.001), diabetes (P=0.01), hypertension (P=0.001), NPO time after surgery (P=0.006), mean time of surgery (P=0.007), mean time of need to mechanical ventilation after surgery (P=0.003), low ejection fraction (P=0.006) and lower level of hemoglobin after surgery (P=0.012) increased the risk of pressure ulcer development significantly. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that patients who were admitted to open heart cardiac surgery intensive care unit are at high risk of pressure ulcer development. Medical and care-giving teams in the cardiac intensive care unit need further education about risk factors of pressure ulcer development to prevent this

Prevalence of pressure ulcer among patients who were admitted to open heart surgery intensive care unit

Background & Aim: Although identifying the patients at risk of pressure ulcer development is imperative, however, few studies have been carried out in Cardiac surgery patients to assess the risk of pressure ulcer development. In present study, we examined the prevalence of pressure ulcer and some related risk factors among critically ill patients who were admitted to open heart surgery intensive care unit. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in ran in 2016. With using sampling formula, 82 patients that were eligible patients were selected. Patients’ skins were assessed using pressure ulcer staging system developed by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) before the operation, in time of cardiac intensive care unit admission and one times per day to patients discharge. Demographics check list and Braden scale also completed for each patient. Results: The mean age of patients was 60.9±10.5. Of them, 46 (56.1%) were male and the rest were female. From the 82 patients that participated in present study, 27 (32.9%) patients developed pressure ulcer (mostly stage I). Patients’ age, mean times of intensive care unit stay, diabetic patients, patients who have previous surgery, smokers and patient with pump on situation were related to pressure ulcer development in intensive care unit. The mean score of Braden scale also were statistically higher in patients without ulcer in compared to patients with ulcer (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to finding of present study, pressure ulcers especially stage 1 and 2 are common among cardiac surgery patients. Health care worker especially nurses should pay more attention to this topic. Further study recommended in this regards. Key words: Bed sore, Surgery patients, risk factors, Prevalence

Effect of Oral Administration of Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis on Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Adult Male Mice

Background & objectives: Propolis is a natural product with powerful antioxidant and therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propolis on passive avoidance memory in adult male mice. Methods: In this study, 40 adult male mice were divided into 8 groups, including control, sham (solvent) and 3 treatment groups orally treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of propolis, respectively for two weeks before and one week after treatment. Then, passive avoidance learning and memory were recorded in timescales of 24 and 48 hours, 4 days and a week after shock by the shuttle box. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett&rsquo;s post hoc tests, and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Administration of propolis (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the dark chamber entering time at intervals of 24 and 48 hours (p<0.001) and at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg in all time periods after the shock (p<0.001). Conclusion: Oral administrations of propolis can improve learning and memory dose-dependently in adult male mice