Percolation of 'Civilisation' in a Homogeneous Isotropic Universe

In this work, we consider the spread of a 'civilisation' in an idealised homogeneous isotropic universe where all the planets of interest are habitable. Following a framework that goes beyond the usual idea of percolation, we investigate the behaviour of the number of colonised planets with time, and the total colonisation time for three types of universes. These include static, dark energy-dominated, and matter-dominated universes. For all these types of universes, we find a remarkable fit with the Logistic Growth Function for the number of colonised planets with time. This is in spite of the fact that for the matter- and dark-energy dominated universes, the space itself is expanding. For the total colonisation time, $T$, the case for a dark energy-dominated universe is marked with divergence beyond the linear regime characterised by small values of the Hubble parameter, $H$. Not all planets in a spherical section of this universe can be 'colonised' due to the presence of a shrinking Hubble sphere. In other words, the recession speeds of other planets go beyond the speed of light making them impossible to reach. On the other hand, for a matter-dominated universe, while there is an apparent horizon, the Hubble sphere is growing instead of shrinking. This leads to a finite total colonisation time that depends on the Hubble parameter characterising the universe; in particular, we find $T\sim H$ for small $H$ and $T\sim H^2$ for large $H$.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Efektifitas Paparan Sinar Uv Dan Alkohol 70% Terhadap Total Bakteri Pada Uang Kertas Yang Beredar Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic in the world. Indonesia has declared this pandemic as a national disaster. Positive cases and deaths have increased every day. This was a long list of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life. Several solutions have been designed to prevent the rapid transmission of this virus, one of them was by making sterilizer and hand sanitizer products. But there was still debate regarding the effectiveness of the use of UV rays and antiseptics as hygiene products offered.So we need a study to determine the effectiveness of UV exposure and the use of antiseptics to kill germs. This study used an experimental design, the sample used was in the form of folding money taken by the bacteria and grown on the media so that were classified into 3 groups, namely without treatment, 70% alcohol treatment and 10 seconds UV light treatment. The samples were analyzed using the dilution agar method and swab test with two repetitions. The results showed the average number of colony forming units (cfu) of bacteria using the dilution test method and swab test methode were 419 cfu on without treatment group; 4 cfu on alcohol 70% ; and 150 cfu on UV light (10 seconds). The alcohol 70% was more effective than 10 seconds UV light exposure to reduce the amount of bacterial cfu on folding money

Effectiveness of a parenting programme to reduce violence in a cash transfer system in the Philippines: RCT with follow-up

Background Parenting interventions and conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes are promising strategies to reduce the risk of violence against children, but evidence of the effectiveness of combining such programmes is lacking for families in low- and middle-income countries with children over two years of age. This study examined the effectiveness of a locally adapted parenting programme delivered as part of a government CCT system to low-income families with children aged two to six years in Metro Manila, Philippines. Methods Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either a 12-session group-based parenting programme or treatment-as-usual services (N = 120). Participation in either service was required among the conditions for receiving cash grants. Baseline assessments were conducted in July 2017 with one-month post-intervention assessments in January-February 2018 and 12-month follow-up in January-February 2019. All assessments were parent-report (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03205449). Findings One-month post-intervention assessments indicated moderate intervention effects for primary outcomes of reduced overall child maltreatment (d = -0.50 [-0.86, -0.13]), emotional abuse (d = -0.59 [-0.95; -0.22]), physical abuse (IRR = 0.51 [0.27; 0.74]), and neglect (IRR = 0.52 [0.18; 0.85]). There were also significant effects for reduced dysfunctional parenting, child behaviour problems, and intimate partner violence, and increased parental efficacy and positive parenting. Reduced overall maltreatment, emotional abuse, and neglect effects were sustained at one-year follow-up. Interpretation Findings suggest that a culturally adapted parenting intervention delivered as part of a CCT programme may be effective in sustaining reductions in violence against children in low- and middle-income countries

Problems encountered by radiologic technology interns in performing x-ray procedures in children ages seven and below

The descriptive method of research was employed in this study. Self-made questionnaire was used in gathering of data. The respondents of the study were the radiologic interns of De La Salle Health Sciences Institute. A total of 69 respondents participated in the study. In the analysis of data, mean, percentage, frequency, standard deviation, t-test for independent means and ANOVA were used. Results showed that, 1) the number of female interns is higher than male interns and most of the interns are assigned to De La Salle University Medical Center; 2) problems associated with positioning and technical aspect appears to be more frequently encountered by the interns and problems associated with communication were the least encountered; 3) hospital affiliation appears to have a considerable effect to the frequency of problems encountered by the interns that is related to positioning and technical aspect