OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY PREVALENCE IN YOUNG STUDENTS

Introduction. Globally, there is a growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in both developing and developed countries. Until recently, it was perceived that obesity mainly affects middle-aged adults. However, there is a growing trend towards obesity among young adults, especially university students. Objective. This study aims to assess the overweight and obesity prevalence and its related factors in a random sample of students selected from 10 faculties of “Babeș-Bolyai” University. Methods. This transverse study included a self-administered questionnaire and gathered anthropometric measurements. The population subject of study consisted in 1430 students, of which 694 (48.5%) men and 736 (51.5%) women, aged between 20 and 25 years, (69.4%) from urban environment and (30.6%) from rural environment. The body mass index (BMI) has been used for assessing the weight. Results. Amongst women, 64.4% had normal weight, 18.9% were overweight and 5.8% were obese, while amongst men 62.1% had normal weight, 14.1% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Generally speaking 22% of participants were overweight or obese (24.7% women and 19.3% men). In multivariate regression in younger men coming from a region with higher incomes, conscientiously avoiding fats, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical inactivity and in older women coming from a region with higher incomes, avoiding fats consumption, cholesterol and post-traumatic stress symptoms have been associated to overweight or obesity. Conclusions. The study found a high prevalence of overweight / obesity among university students. Several gender-specific health risk practices that can be used in health promotion programs have been identified. REZUMAT. Prevalența supraponderalității și obezității la tinerii studenți. Introducere. La nivel global, există o prevalență în creștere a supraponderalității și a obezității atât în țările în curs de dezvoltare, cât și în cele dezvoltate. Până de curând, s-a perceput că obezitatea afectează mai ales adulții de vârstă mijlocie. Cu toate acestea, devine evidentă o tendință de creștere constantă a obezității în rândul tinerilor adulți, în special studenți în cadrul universităților. Obiectivul. Acest studiu evaluează prevalența supraponderalității/obezității și a factorilor asociați acesteia în rândul unui eșantion aleatoriu de studenți din 10 facultăți din Universitatea „Babeș-Bolyai”. Metode. Acest sondaj transversal a cuprins un chestionar autoadministrat și a colectat măsurători antropometrice. Populația studiată a fost de 1430 de studenți din care bărbați 694 (48,5%) și femei 736 (51,5%), cu vârste cuprinse între 20 și 25 de ani, proveniți din mediul urban (69,4%) și mediul rural (30,6%). Indicele de masă corporală (IMC) a fost utilizat pentru starea greutății. Rezultate. În rândul femeilor, greutatea normală a fost de 64,4%, supraponderalitatea 18,9% și obezitatea 5,8%, în timp ce în rândul bărbaților greutatea normală de 62,1%, supraponderalitatea 14,1% și obezitatea 5,2%. În general, 22% erau supraponderali sau obezi (24,7% femei și 19,3% bărbați). În regresia multivariată în rândul bărbaților, vârstă mai tânără, provenind dintr-o zonă cu venituri mai ridicate, evitând în mod conștient grăsimile și colesterolul, inactivitatea fizică, iar în rândul femeilor în vârstă, provenind dintr-o zonă cu venituri mai mari, evitarea grăsimilor și a colesterolului au fost asociate cu supraponderalitatea sau obezitatea. Concluzii. Studiul a constatat o prevalență ridicată a supraponderalității/obezității în rândul studenților universitari. Au fost identificate mai multe practici de risc pentru sănătate specifice genului care pot fi utilizate în programele de promovare a sănătății. Cuvinte cheie: obezitate, supraponderalitate, inactivitate fizic

Enhancement of bone consolidation using high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (HF-PEMFs): An experimental study on rats

In vitro studies showed that high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (HF-PEMFs) increase the activity/expression of early and late osteogenic markers and enhance bone mineralization. The main aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of HF-PEMFs on fracture healing using a rat model. A femur fracture was established by surgery in 20 male Wistar rats. Titanium nails were implanted to reduce and stabilize the fracture. After surgery, 20 rats were equally divided into untreated control and treated group (from the first postoperative day HF-PEMFs at 400 pulses/sec [pps] were applied for 10 minutes/day, for two weeks). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of bone formation was made at two and eight weeks following surgery and included morphological and histological analysis, serological analysis by ELISA, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and three-point bending test. At two weeks in HF-PEMF group, soft callus was at a more advanced fibrocartilaginous stage and the bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio in the callus area was significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.047). Serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) was significantly higher in HF-PEMF group (ALP p = 0.026, OC p = 0.006) as well as the mechanical strength of femurs (p = 0.03). At eight weeks, femurs from HF-PEMF group had a completely formed woven bone with dense trabeculae, active bone marrow, and had a significantly higher BV/TV ratio compared to control (p = 0.01). HF-PEMFs applied from the first postoperative day, 10 minutes/day for two weeks, enhance bone consolidation in rats, especially in the early phase of fracture healing

Correlations Between Occlusion Presure and Muscle Activity with K7 System

Trying to measure the occlusal pressure always represented a challenge for researchers, the methods used were various from simple to complex ones. It is very important to be able to appreciate the forces born at the occlusal level through both diagnose and treatment point of view, knowing that every dental treatment (filling till complex rehabilitation) needs excessive attention in occlusion relationship reconstruction. This was the main purpose of our study concerning forces developed in occlusion and their distribution. The utility of research is evident in occlusion rebalancing treatment

DENTAL OCCLUSION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ITS PROPER INVESTIGATION – PART I

The occlusal relation is remarkably complex; it must be considered in a tridimensional, static and dynamic way, interfering and intervening in all the system functions. The traumatic occlusion as clinic entity is the reverse of an anatomically and functionally normal occlusion and, within a variable time interval, is followed by the installation of the dysfunctional syndrome, a disease that causes invalidity in many patients. This paper aims the proper knowledge of clinical investigation that is mandatory for a correct treatment. It presents our original clinical examination method regarding dental occlusion - an easy, logical, and systematized method that covers all the necessary steps for a correct occlusal diagnosis. The first part of our work comprises the first two stages; the next ones will be detailed in the next issue

INTRODUCTION OF STUDY OF PARTIALLY OR FULLY PROGRAMMABLE SIMULATORS

Partially or fully programmable simulators are designed to reproduce – in part or in full – the anatomical peculiarities of anterior and posterior determinants. In what regards the normal joints and the accurate reproduction of the determinants of occlusion, simulators allow prosthetic restorations that require minimal intraoral adjustments and can be quickly integrated by the stomatognathic system. Next, we shall review the correlations established between the anterior and posterior determinants of mandibular dynamics and occlusal morphology, by referring also to articulator programming. On principle, the more the assessed teeth are closer to one of the determinants, the more the latter influences their morphology. Errors occurring in the shaping of the morphology of prosthetic restorations may range from inessential, by usage of entirely programmable simulators, to major ones, by using partial occluders (small, undersized hinge axis). Assuming a patient’s actual intercondylar distance is 90 mm and the used occluder has a 40 mm intercondylar distance, we observe that, on the new restoration, the grooves will be positioned towards the distal (for the maxillary) and towards the mesial (for the mandible)

THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTICULAR MOBILITY TESTING DURING TMJ CLINICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE

Introduction The examination of the temporomandibular joint represents a primary phase in the clinical evaluation of any patient, weighing extremely heavy especially when diagnosing the dysfunctional syndrome. There are 3 directions of examination, but the last one in almost unknown, used neither, although is so important for complex oral rehabilitation. Goal So, we want to describe this method, to make aware all practitioners of its importance. During objective examination of TMJ, we must to do inspection, palpation, auscultation and also to explore the vertical mobility (open-close movements) or the horizontal mobility (propulsory, retropulsory, laterality, latero-pulsory movements). Knowing normal values of measured amplitudes, we can recognize TMJ pathology. Conclusion: Clinical examination of TMJ must be done correctly and following all steps, in this manner the practitioner will be able to detect all evident or less evident signs and to formulate the most precise diagnosis

Preparation and Potentiometric Study of Ranitidine Hydrochloride Selective Electrodes and Applications

Ranitidine hydrochloride selective electrodes were constructed based on ranitidine tetraiodo bismuthate (III) Electrochemical methods have an important part in biological and pharmaceutical analysis due to their simplicity, quickness and accuracy when compared to other analytical methods Few studies have been reported for ranitidine hydrochloride quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical formulations based on ion-selective membrane electrodes only. Ion-selective membrane electrodes for ranitidine hydrochloride have been constructed based on ranitidinetetrakis-(3-chlorophenyl)borate,ranitidine-tetraphenylborate and ranitidine-phosphotungstate as electroactive compound [14] We report in this paper the construction of several ranitidine hydrochloride electrodes based on tetraiodobismutate (III) as ionophore using various plasticizers. The properties of those electrodes, the effect of pH, and the selectivity coefficient were studied. Experimental part Materials and methods All potentiometric measurements were carried out using a Hanna 301 digital pH/millivoltmeter. A ranitidine selective electrode was used as indicating electrode in conjunction with a Radelkis OP-0830P calomel electrode (SCE) as reference electrode. All used chemicals were analytical grade. Bismuth (III) subnitrate, potassium iodide, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dibutylphthalate (DBPH), di-octylphtalate (DOPH), dibutylphosphate (DBP) and tri-butylphosphate (TBP) were commercially available (Fluka). Polyvinylchloride (PVC) of relatively high molecular weight was used. Ranitidine * email: [email protected] hydrochloride reference substance was purchased from Dar Al Dawa-Jordan. All pharmaceutical formulations were purchased from a local pharmaceutical company. There were prepared 10 -1 M stock solutions for each of the following substances: NH 4 Cl, NaCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , AlCl 3 , chlorpheniramine maleate, nizatidine, famotidine, vitamin B 1 and citric acid. Dilute solutions were prepared by subsequent dilution of those stock solutions. Potassium tetraiodobismutate (III) solution was prepared by mixing a potassium iodide solution with bismuth (III) subnitrate solution in hydrochloric acid medium For the synthesis of the ion pair complex, 0.1 g ranitidine hydrochloride was dissolved in 100 mL water, the pH was adjusted to 1.0 with 2 M hydrochloric acid and lastly the potassium tetraiodobismutate (III) solution was added in small portions with stirring. The resulting precipitate, ranitidine-tetraiodobismutate (III), was separated using a G4 filtering crucible; it was then washed with saturated solution of the precipitate and dried at 60°C. Construction of the electrode Several membrane compositions were investigated by varying the ratio of PVC, plasticizer, and the membrane active material A mixture was prepared by dissolving 1 mg of ranitidinetetraiodobismutate (III), 31 mg of PVC and 68.0 mg of plasticizer in 3 mL of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was poured into a 30 mm diameter glass ring placed on a glass plate, and allowed to evaporate for 24 h at room temperature. The membrane obtained as 0.25-0.35 mm thick film was removed from the glass plate, and a 10 mm diameter disk was cut out and fixed to the end of a 100 mm long PVC tube by using a PVC/THF solution. The Ag/ AgCl electrode and 10 -3 M ranitidine hydrochloride solution were used as reference electrode and internal filling solution for the electrode, respectively

HOLISTIC APROACH IN TMJ CLINICAL EXAMINATION

The TMJ exam represents a main stage in clinical examination of each patient, especially in temporomandibular desorder. Usually the clinical examination in dentistry is concentrated in oral aria, TMJ is examed just when the patients acuse simptoms. In a few minutes we can diagnose completely and corectly all problems of oro-facial system following a standard protocol

STATISTICAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL LESIONS OF THE ANTERIOR SEGMENT OF THE DENTAL ARCHES AND THE CALL FOR TREATMENT FOR THESE LESIONS –PART 1

The work performed within Clinical Base of the Gr. T. Popa U.M.P., Faculty of Dental Medicine Iași, has a number of objectives the materialization of which brings forth a new trend of dental medicine, towards a properly coordinated prophylaxis focused on the real needs of the population.The purpose of the study commencement consists in: evaluation of population’s oral health, on categories and age groups; determination of the local factor impact on health; assessment of dental care usage level in Moldova region; provision of statistical data regarding the oral health of the population in Romania; implementation of evaluation systems and of the data processing standard, in order to achieve oral health programs. A clinical record to contain data regarding the following section was created: environmental factors, anthropology, general condition of the body, prophylaxis, dental medicine. The study was conducted on a batch consisting of 646 patients from various social backgrounds and age categories, of which, a batch with age between 18-50 was selected. We deem the presentation of distribution according to age and sex of the whole batch, interesting. For a clearer vision, we considered a 5 to 10 year range. Our purpose, in this study, was to emphasize the extent of damage in the investigated population comprising patients aged between 18 and 50, the batch size and study scale allowing us to conclude that there are well defined clinical entities in the sphere of oral pathology. The clinical circumstance represented by lesions and existing treatments is dominant in the upper front group by the existing fillings and fixed prosthetics