Research of the Impact of the Method of Heating of Heat Units on the Qualitative Characteristics of Treated Materials

An analytical method for calculating the chemical potentials of the components of the gas-solid system based on thermodynamic calculations of carbon potentials of the С–О–Н–N gas mixture (combustion products of the methane-air mixture) and the solid phase (alloyed steel) is developed. Dependences describing the influence of the main parameters of heating the medium composition, flow rate, as well as their interaction, on metal losses associated with decarburization are obtained.Thermodynamic calculations of carbon potentials of alloyed steel and natural gas combustion products of different composition (α=0.2÷1.2), metal and combustion products temperatures of 1,100÷1,500 K are performed.Based on the analysis of the structure of the thermal and diffusion boundary layers, it is proved that the decrease in the temperature of the layer of combustion product flowing around the solid product and surface flow rate reduces the diffusion flow of carbon in the boundary layer. This effect reduces the decarburization of steel.It is found that when heating the heat unit according to the principle of indirect radiant heating (IRH) during the operation of the flat-flame burner, the main gas volume, localized at the metal surface, has a temperature significantly lower than the layer adjacent to the lining. This reduces the metal loss with decarburization compared with furnaces of the traditional heating system.Combustion of gas in flat-flame burners with an intense circulation of combustion products in the working space of the heat unit ensures that the heated products have a uniform composition of combustion products corresponding to a practically equilibrium one. This allows recommending flat-flame burners for widespread use in modern heat-power units in the industr

Research Into the Impact of Structural Features of Combustion Chamber in Energy-technological Units on Their Operational Efficiency

The experimental studies of the influence of the degree of masonry development (geometry) and aerodynamics of the combustion chambers (circuits of combustion products removal) on the energy-technological indicators of the processes in the system gas-solid (in combustion chambers) were carried out.The experimental research into the influence of geometry and aerodynamics of the combustion chamber on the energy-technological indicators in the system gas – solid body was conducted at the industrial large-scale fire bench.It was shown that a decrease in the height of the working space of the combustion chamber, equipped with flat flame burners, affects the use of fuel due to heat exchange intensification, including direct convection. The dependence is caused by a decrease in heat losses with flue gases and due to a decrease in losses through the masonry.It was established that at the height of the working space of 800÷1,000 mm of the combustion furnace, fuel consumption decreases by 20÷30 %.The design of the combustion space of the furnace of continuous operation mode was developed. The distinctive feature of the furnace of the developed design is the elimination of discreteness and implementation of the stable continuous operation mode of the heating unit. The longitudinal channels were made on the lateral surfaces of the cars and the furnace along the entire length of the latter, which makes it possible to implement the continuous removal of combustion products from the combustion space through canalized hearth of the cars into the longitudinal lateral channels, made in the walls of the furnace. Additional aerodynamic compaction of the working space of the furnace is ensured at any speed of the motion of the cars.It was found that energy-technological efficiency at the arch heating of the combustion units with flat flame burners and combustion products removal under the workpiece (lower smoke removal) is on average by 1.3 times higher than at use of the circuit of products removal above the workpiece (lateral smoke removal), which is used in currently operating furnaces.The design was developed and the tunnel furnace was put into operation. It was for chemical and thermal treatment of metallic and non-metallic materials and products during their heating by the assigned schedule