The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers

available in PMC 2010 August 18.A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identify 158 regions of focal SCNA that are altered at significant frequency across several cancer types, of which 122 cannot be explained by the presence of a known cancer target gene located within these regions. Several gene families are enriched among these regions of focal SCNA, including the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators and the NF-κΒ pathway. We show that cancer cells containing amplifications surrounding the MCL1 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes depend on the expression of these genes for survival. Finally, we demonstrate that a large majority of SCNAs identified in individual cancer types are present in several cancer types.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPOREs, P50CA90578)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPOREs, R01CA109038))National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPOREs, R01CA109467)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPOREs, P01CA085859)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPOREs, P01CA 098101)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPOREs, K08CA122833

Exophonic poetics in contemporary Italy. Versification and movement in the works of Hasan Atiya Al Nassar, Barbara Pumhösel and Gëzim Hajdari

This thesis performs an analysis of poetry and migration in contemporary Italy. It explores poetic works produced in Italian by three authors born in non-Italophone countries: Hasan Atiya Al Nassar (Iraq), Barbara Pumhösel (Austria) and Gëzim Hajdari (Albania). Although their birthplaces are diverse and their migratory circumstances are heterogeneous, these authors share the period of their arrival in Italy (from the 1980s to the early 1990s), their exophonic practice and the ability to develop a significant poetic experience in their second language. My dissertation constitutes an unprecedented investigation of the stylistic features of these works, highlighting both the common traits and the distinctive elements that characterise their individual voices, and thereby delineating a preliminary phenomenology of the qualities of exophonic poetics in the Italian context. The dissertation is organised into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the theoretical and critical grounding of the research, illustrates the position of exophonic voices in contemporary Italy (1990-2010), builds the corpus of works, introduces the authors’ profiles and defines the methodology and criteria for analysis. The ensuing three chapters are each dedicated to one author, and contain a full metrical-stylistic analysis of the selected works, focusing on the occurrence of poetic forms, the use of metre and the incidence and value of rhythmical patterns. The conclusion, expanding upon the material collected in the textual analysis, aims to trace a preliminary phenomenology of exophonic versification in contemporary Italy. Firstly it elaborates upon the hybridisation of poetic forms, identifying movement as a foundational element in exophonic versification. Secondly it discusses the texts’ formal connections to conventional metres in the Italian tradition (such as endecasillabo) and cases of innovation or reinterpretation of these patterns. Thirdly it reflects on the use of language in exophonic productions and identifies the reflection on language as a trope in these works. More generally, my thesis aims to investigate the aesthetic impact of exophonic poetics on the contemporary Italian literary scene, and then to immerse the Italian example in a broader transnational context. It also endeavours to discover and develop instruments and strategies for the future stylistic analysis of exophonic poetic productions

Gli animali nel primo Pusterla: una lettura eco-zoopoetica di «Il dronte» e «L’anguilla del Reno»

Questo articolo presenta un’esplorazione delle configurazioni della presenza animale nell’opera di Fabio Pusterla e propone una mappatura di tentativi e delle strategie di avvicinamento all’animalità non-umana così come si configura in due fra le sue raccolte maggiori: Concessione all’inverno (1985) e Bocksten (1989). In una prima parte, l’articolo discute una serie di contesti teorico-critici di riferimento, soffermandosi sulle potenzialità del pensiero ecopoetico e di quello ecoregionale. In una seconda parte, il lavoro propone l’analisi di due testi esemplari: Il dronte e L’anguilla del Reno, che incarnano alcune delle caratteristiche fondamentali degli incontri più-che-umani all’interno del verso pusterliano. L’indagine si concentra in particolare su un utilizzo fisico del linguaggio e sulla materializzazione - nei versi e nelle forme - di ibridazioni, trasformazioni e mutazioni del soggetto poetico. Queste traiettorie vogliono suggerire, più in generale, il potenziale della poesia come linguaggio ecologico, capace, grazie soprattutto alle sue qualità ritmiche, di restituire un’idea di mondo fluida, relazionale, e inclusiva