Digestible Arginine Requirements in Hy-Line W-36 Laying Hens: Effects on Performance, Egg Characteristics, and Plasma Parameters During 40 to 46 Weeks of Age

This study was conducted to estimate digestible arginine (Arg) requirements for performance and egg quality parameters in Hy-Line W-36 laying hens from 40 to 46 weeks of age. A total of 150 laying hens were arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 6 hens in each. These treatments included 0.81, 0.86, 0.91, 0.96, and 1.01 % digestible Arg. At the end of experiment, data were obtained in performance, egg quality, and quantity parameters as well as plasma levels of cholesterol, uric acid, globulin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Results have shown that feed conversion ratio, egg production, and egg mass improved by supplementing 0.86 digestible Arg in the diet compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, these items significantly affected by the interaction of treatments and weeks. In the last three weeks of this experiment, the use of 0.86, 0.91, 0.96, and 1.01 % digestible Arg significantly increased egg mass and egg roduction. Plasma concentrations of globulin, cholesterol, and uric acid were not affected by dietary Arg levels. However, a significant increase in plasma IGF-1 was shown by supplementation of % 0.91 Arg (P < 0.05). Based on quadratic equations, the optimum levels of digestible Arg for egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, and IGF-1 were 0.917, 0.917, 0.908, and 0.970%, respectively

Effect of Licorice Extract and Prebiotic on Laying Hen Performance and Egg Quality in the Pre and Early Laying Periods

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra) extract, Active-mos®prebiotic, and flavomycin antibiotic on performance, egg quality, and body mass status in the pre and early laying periods. A total of 180 Leghorn pullets (Hy-line W-36), were assigned into 6 treatments (5 cages/treatment, 6 pullets/cage) in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included control (feed additive-free- diet), and control supplemented by licorice extract (5 and 10 g/kg of diet; as LIEX5 and LIEX10, respectively), flavomycin antibiotic (400 and 650 mg/kg of diet; as FL400 and FL650, respectively), and Active-mos®prebiotic (1 kg/ton of diet; as ACPR). Birds were raised in a cage-layer facility. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined weekly. Body mass index was recorded before and after using the treatments. Also, the growth, egg quality, egg cholesterol, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride were tested. During weeks 18 to 19 of age, birds received control, FL650, and ACPR treatments showed greater feed intake compared to LIEX10. The body weight of birds that received FL400 diet was greater than LIEX5 and ACPR treatments at weeks 17 to 19 of age. All treatments, except for ACPR, decreased serum cholesterol compared with the control treatment (P < 0.05). No significant effect on feed conversion ratio, egg production, and body mass index was observed by treatments throughout the study (17-25 wk). Furthermore, there was no significant effect of treatments on the eggs' internal and external quality status, egg cholesterol, and serum triglyceride by treatments. However, more research is needed on the use of licorice extract and prebiotics as antibiotic alternatives and their effects on the body mass index in laying hens during pre- and early-laying periods

Evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning during the years 2017 to 2019 in Ilam, Iran

Background: Every year, drug poisoning is the most prevalent reason for referring patients to medical centers. This study aimed to evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. Methods: In this In this Cross-sectional study, patient samples suspected of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning referred to the toxicology laboratory of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were analyzed using the HPLC method, and the results were analysed using SPSS software. Results: Results showed that the percentage of drug use is greater in men than in women. The highest percentage of morphine and methadone poisonings were detected in those under the age of 40, whereas the highest percentage of digoxin poisonings were recorded in those over the age of 80. As a result, the average age of digoxin users was substantially greater in men than in women. Methadone consumers showed significantly greater blood levels than others. In addition, there was a significant difference (P&#60;0.01) in blood levels between men and women who used morphine. Conclusion: In general, it is important to understand the status of drug poisoning with drugs such as morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol, as well as the prognosis associated with the treatment process of such poisoning. &#160

The Effect of Silver Nanoparticles, Thyme and Savoury Extracts Injection to Egg on the hatchability, digestive and Immunity Parameters at Hatchability

An experiment was conducted with 855 fertilized eggs in 8 treatments (injection in 5th day of incubation) and 11 treatments (injection in 17th day of incubation) with 3 replicates of 15 eggs each. Treatments included first control (no injection), second control (injection of 0.5 ml. of sodium chloride); in 5th day, experimental treatments included 30 and 45 mg. silver nanoparticles, and 100 mg. of thyme and savoury. In 17th day treatments included 30, 45, and 60 mg. silver nanoparticles, and 100, 150, and 175 mg. of thyme and savoury extracts. Injection in 5th day indicated that the bursa weight reached its maximum in treatments 75 and 100 mg. of thyme, and 75 mg. of savoury, and in treatments with 30 and 45 mg. of silver nanoparticles had a minimum level‎ (