Risk of developing laryngeal cancer and pharyngeal cancer following drinking cessation.

<p>Risk of developing laryngeal cancer and pharyngeal cancer following drinking cessation.</p

Risk of developing laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer for never drinkers vs. current drinkers.

<p>Risk of developing laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer for never drinkers vs. current drinkers.</p

Sensitivity analysis of the meta-analysis of changes in the odds ratio of pharyngeal cancer after drinking cessation compared to current drinkers.

<p>See footnote in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058158#pone-0058158-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>. Excluding studies 38 & 41.</p

Risk decline of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer over forty years after drinking cessation.

<p>It should be noted that the risk is not expected to fall below that of never drinkers, even though the figures imply this.</p

Meta-analysis of changes in the odds ratios of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers after drinking cessation compared to current drinkers.

***<p>,**,*show 1%, 5%, and 10% significant levels, respectively.</p>†<p>H0: No heterogeneity.</p

Flow diagram of literature search.

<p>Flow diagram of literature search.</p

Characteristics of studies of the risk of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers following drinking cessation.

1<p>These studies were not included in the meta-analysis part of the current study.</p

Predicted cumulative hazard of first (dashed grey line) and second (solid black line) AMI.

<p>Cumulative hazards for a non-smoking 58-year-old male with diabetes duration 10 years, total cholesterol 4.3 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol 1.0 mmol/l, LDL cholesterol 2.0 mmol/l, HbA1c 8.0%, systolic BP 150 mmHg, macroalbuminuria, no history of previous AMI before diagnosis, and no CHF during follow-up. For second AMI, it was assumed that the patient had his first AMI in the 10^th year after diagnosis.</p

Performance of equations for the first and second events in training and test subsamples.

<p>Abbreviations: NAIHD, non-acute ischaemic heart disease; HF, heart failure; AMI, acute myocardial infarction.</p>a<p>. Hosmer-Lemeshow X² statistics.</p

Parameter estimates of the risk equations for first and second stroke and NAIHD events.

<p>All covariates are significant at the 5% level.</p><p>Weibull proportional hazards regression with the Prentice, Williams, and Peterson gap time model was used for estimation.</p><p>Abbreviations: NAIHD, non-acute ischaemic heart disease; HF, heart failure; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; TC/HDL, total to HDL cholesterol ratio.</p>a<p>. not significant, but significant interaction with macroalbuminuria;</p>b<p>. applied as splines in the equation;</p>c<p>. history of event before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.</p