Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Relatives of Patients Referred to the Emergency Department

Introduction: Organ donation is one of the surviving procedures which can increase the life expectancy of end-stage patients. Inappropriate beliefs and attitude of individuals to organ donation, their poor knowledge, and the socio-economic level are one of the most important barriers for organ donation. Therefore, here knowledge and attitude levels among relatives of trauma patients regarding organ donation were evaluated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on relatives of trauma patients referred to the emergency department of Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, through 2013 to 2014. The questionnaire included parts of demographic data and socio-economic situations as well as status of knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation. A score between 0-7 was belonged to each person based on his/her level of knowledge. Attitude level had a score between 0-12. Chi- square, Fisher, and Mann–Whitney U test were performed to assess the relation between demographic variables and the level of knowledge and attitude. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: 79 persons (57.1% male) with the mean age of 31.3±11.3 years were evaluated. 57 (73.1%) of subjects agreed with organ transplant. The main causes of disagreement among relatives regarding organ donation were dissatisfaction of the donor's relatives (25%) and religious issues (15%). 49 (62.02%) studied people had inappropriate attitude and 27 (34.2%) ones had good knowledge. male gender (OR=5.87; 95%CI: 3.32-8.42; p=0.001) and self-employed job (OR=7.78; 95%CI: 4.64-10.92; p=0.001) are independent factors associated with poor knowledge about organ donation. Self-employed job (OR=3.86; 95%CI: 1.41-6.11; p=0.009) and poor knowledge (OR=15.3; 95%CI: 9.03-21.57; p<0.001) were related to inappropriate attitude toward organ donation. Conclusion: The present study showed that 73.1% of participants agreed with organ donation. The major causes of disagreements were dissatisfaction of other relatives and religious beliefs. 62.0% of the studied people had positive view regarding organ donation and 34.2% of them well-informed about. The most important causative factors for poor knowledge in this context were male gender and self-employed occupation. In addition, poor knowledge and self-employed job were two factors associated with inappropriate attitude toward organ donation

Thoracic Pneumorrhachis in Patient with Lumbar Fractures; a Case Report

Pneumorrhachis as a relatively rare condition may be an indication of substantial intra-spinal column injury. Here we report a 39-year-old man was admitted because of low back pain and dyspenea after locating between motor vehicle and wall three days before admission. On arrival, physical exams and vital signs were normal. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral pleural effusion, fracture of ribs number 8, 9 and 10 in lower left side of thorax, fracture of vertebra in L2-L4, and air bubbles in upper thoracic spinal canal.

عوامل پیشگویی کننده نیاز به بستری و دیالیز در مسمومیت با الکل؛ یک مطالعه مقطعی

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the health problems that all societies have involved with. Although in Iran the percent of alcohol consuming due to social and cultural preventions is lesser that other countries, its outcome and predictive factors are not accessible. Thus, this study was designed with the aim of determining the consequences of alcohol consuming and finding its effective factors in Tabriz. Method: This cross-sectional study has been done through September 2013 to July 2014 in Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. All individuals with alcohol poisoning referred to the emergency department were included in the study. Demographic and clinical factors of patients, laboratory tests, dialysis and hospitalization in hospital wards were evaluated. Finally, independent effective factors for dialysis and hospitalization were assessed by using multivariate logistic regression.Results: At the end, 81(91.4% male) patients with the mean age of 27.9±10.4 years were entered to the study. Ten (12.3%) patients needed dialysis and 34 (42.0%) were hospitalized. Increasing the serum creatinine level (OR-1.6; 95% Cl: 1.004-2.4; p-0.048) and time interval between consumption until referring to the emergency (OR-1.1; 95% Cl: 1.03-1.15; p-0.004) were the independent predictive factors of dialysis. Also, predictive agents of hospitalization included smoking (OR-3.4; 95% Cl: 1.6-5.5; p-0.01) and need to do dialysis (OR-7.9; 95% Cl: 5.4-10.5; p<0.001). Conclusion: In the present project 12.3% of patients needed dialysis. Increasing the serum creatinine and time interval between alcohol consuming until referring to the emergency were the most important predictive factors. In addition, the probability of hospitalization for smoking and dialyzed poisoned persons in hospital wards was more than other patients.مقدمه: سوء مصرف الکل از مشکلات بهداشتی است که تمامی جوامع با آن درگیر هستند. هر چند در کشور ایران درصد مصرف کنندگان الکل به دلیل موانع اجتماعی و فرهنگی کمتر از سایر کشورهاست اما اطلاعات دقیقی از عوارض، پیامدها و عوامل پیشگویی کننده آن در دست نیست. بر این مبنا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین عوارض و پیامدهای ناشی از الکل و شناسایی فاکتورهای تاثیرگذار بر آن در شهر تبریز طراحی شد. روش کار: پژوهش مقطعی حاضر بین مهر ماه 1392 تا مرداد ماه 1393 در بیمارستان سینا شهر تبریز انجام پذیرفت. تمامی مسمومین با الکل مراجعه کننده به اورژانس این مرکز وارد مطالعه گردیدند. فاکتورهای دموگرافیک و کلینیکی بیماران، تست های آزمایشگاهی، انجام دیالیز و بستری در بخش های بیمارستانی مورد ارزیابی واقع شد. در نهایت نیز با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک چند متغیره، فاکتورهای مستقل تاثیر گذار بر نیاز به انجام دیالیز و بستری بیماران بررسی شد. یافته ها: در نهایت 81 بیمار (91/4 درصد مرد) با میانگین سنی 10/4±27/9 وارد مطالعه شدند. 10 (12/3 درصد) بیمار نیاز به دیالیز داشته و 34 (42/0 درصد) بیمار بستری شدند. افزایش سطح کراتینین (0/048=p؛ 2/4-1/004: CI 95%؛ 1/6=OR) و افزایش فاصله زمانی بین مصرف تا مراجعه به اورژانس (0/004=p؛ 1/15-1/03 :CI 95%؛ 1/1=OR) عوامل پیشگویی کننده مستقل دیالیز در بیماران بودند. به علاوه عوامل پیشگویی کننده بستری نیز شامل مصرف سیگار (0/01=p؛ 5/5-1/6: CI 95%؛ 3/4=OR) و نیاز به انجام دیالیز (0/001>p؛ 10/5-5/4 :CI 95%؛ 7/9=OR) بدست آمد. نتیجه گیری: در پژوهش حاضر 12/3 درصد بیماران نیاز به دیالیز داشتند که افزایش سطح کراتینین سرم و افزایش فاصله زمانی بین مصرف الکل تا مراجعه به اورژانس مهمترین عوامل پیشگویی کننده آن بود. به علاوه احتمال بستری شدن مسمومین سیگاری و دیالیز شده در بخش های بیمارستانی بیشتر از سایر بیماران بود

Predictive Factors of Hospitalization and Dialysis Requirement in Alcohol Poisoning; a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the health problems that all societies have involved with. Although in Iran the percent of alcohol consuming due to social and cultural preventions is lesser that other countries, its outcome and predictive factors are not accessible. Thus, this study was designed with the aim of determining the consequences of alcohol consuming and finding its effective factors in Tabriz. Method: This cross-sectional study has been done through September 2013 to July 2014 in Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. All individuals with alcohol poisoning referred to the emergency department were included in the study. Demographic and clinical factors of patients, laboratory tests, dialysis and hospitalization in hospital wards were evaluated. Finally, independent effective factors for dialysis and hospitalization were assessed by using multivariate logistic regression. Results: At the end, 81(91.4% male) patients with the mean age of 27.9±10.4 years were entered to the study. Ten (12.3%) patients needed dialysis and 34 (42.0%) were hospitalized. Increasing the serum creatinine level (OR-1.6; 95% Cl: 1.004-2.4; p-0.048) and time interval between consumption until referring to the emergency (OR-1.1; 95% Cl: 1.03-1.15; p-0.004) were the independent predictive factors of dialysis. Also, predictive agents of hospitalization included smoking (OR-3.4; 95% Cl: 1.6-5.5; p-0.01) and need to do dialysis (OR-7.9; 95% Cl: 5.4-10.5; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: In the present project 12.3% of patients needed dialysis. Increasing the serum creatinine and time interval between alcohol consuming until referring to the emergency were the most important predictive factors. In addition, the probability of hospitalization for smoking and dialyzed poisoned persons in hospital wards was more than other patients.</p