Resveratrol Suppresses Cardiac Renin Angiotensin System in the Late Phase of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Background and objectives: Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenole phytoalexin which exerts potential cardioprotective effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unknown. Cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS) over-activation plays an important role in pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) progression. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the main components of RAS during early and late phase of myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: To consider the early and late phase of LVH, the rats were studied two and sixteen weeks after abdominal aorta banding without treatment (H2w and H16w groups, respectively) or with resveratrol (R) treatment. Intact animals served as control (Ctl). Arterial blood pressure was recorded by carotid cannulation. Angiotensin II (Ang II) level was measured using ELISA kit. Gene expression was evaluated by Real time RT-PCR technique. Cardiomyocyte size and fibrosis were assessed using haematoxylin/eosin and Masson trichrome staining, respectively Results: Results of this study showed that in H2w group AT1a mRNA level was increased significantly (pConclusion: Progression of LVH is accompanied by dynamic changes in RAS components expression in myocardial tissue. Resveratrol protects the heart against pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in part via RAS suppression

Epidemiology and Trend of HIV/AIDs in Yazd, a Province in the Center of Iran, 2011-2017

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated. Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact. Conclusion: Although the rate of  newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex

Correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and coronary calcium score in CT angiography: NLR and coronary calcification

Background: cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the most important etiology for cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, atherosclerosis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease. Among the most important inflammatory markers, WBC is said to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. Among different WBC subtypes, neutrophil and thus neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an important predictor for mortality and morbidity. Based on this, in this study we aimed to investigate the correlation between NLR and coronary artery calcification. Patients and methods: This research is a cross-sectional study of correlation type. A total of 353 consecutive patients were enrolled with stable angina referred to Afshar heart center for elective CT-angiography. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on NLR and the patients’ data was analyzed using SPPSS ver.26 software. Results: In this study a total of 353 patients were investigated which included 159 women and 194 men. The patients ages ranged between 19 and 80 and the average age was 53 years. We found a statistically significant difference in coronary calcium score (CCS) between patients in fourth quartile of NLR and other patients (P-Value<0.001). Spearman’s correlation test with r=0.420 and P-Value<0.001 indicated a positive correlation between NLR and CCS. Conclusion: Based on the results of present research its concluded that NLR is correlated with CCS and patients with NLR above 2.42 are in danger of higher risk of coronary artery calcification.Antecedentes: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son las causas más comunes de muerte en todo el mundo. La aterosclerosis es la etiología más importante para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Hoy en día, la aterosclerosis se define como una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica. Entre los marcadores inflamatorios más importantes, se dice que el conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) es un factor de riesgo para eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad. En base a esto, en este estudio nuestro objetivo fue investigar la correlación entre la relación de neutrófilos a linfocitos (RNL) y la calcificación de la arteria coronaria. Pacientes y métodos: esta investigación es un estudio transversal correlacional. Un total de 353 pacientes consecutivos se inscribieron con angina estable remitidos al centro cardíaco Afshar para una angiografía por TC electiva. Los pacientes se dividieron en 4 grupos según RNL y los datos de los pacientes se analizaron utilizando el software SPPSS ver.26. Resultados: En este estudio se investigó un total de 353 pacientes que incluyeron 159 mujeres y 194 hombres. La edad promedio fue de 53 años. Encontramos una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la puntuación de calcio coronario (PCC) entre pacientes en el cuarto cuartil de RNL y otros pacientes (valor P<0,001). La prueba de correlación de Spearman con r=0,420 y valor P<0,001 indicó una correlación positiva entre RNL y PCC. Conclusión: Con base en los resultados de la presente investigación, se concluyó que la RNL se correlaciona con PCC y los pacientes con RNL por encima de 2,42 tienen un mayor riesgo de calcificación de la arteria coronaria