Pair Correlation of Zeros of Dirichlet L-Functions.

We investigate the pair correlation function of the zeros of Dirichlet L-functions, namely F((alpha)) = F((alpha),Q) (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) where (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) and L( 1/2 + i(gamma),(chi)) = L( 1/2 + i(gamma)',(chi)) = 0. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we obtain the following results: Theorem. For real (alpha), F((alpha)) is real, even and non-negative. We have (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) uniformly as Q (--->) (INFIN). Here (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) Corollary 1. If 1 (LESSTHEQ) (alpha) < 2 is fixed, then (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) Corollary 2. We have, as Q tends to infinity, (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) Corollary 2 is equivalent to the assertion that at least 11/12 of all the zeros of all Dirichlet L-functions are simple. We employ the Hardy-Littlewood circle method and some estimates on trigonometrical sums over primes to estimate expressions of the form (DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI) where a(t) is of bounded variation with compact support and (LAMDA)(n) is the von Mangoldt function. This provides an improved version of a theorem of Hooley on the mean square error in the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions.Ph.D.MathematicsUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159056/1/8225016.pd

Immunoexpression of SDHB, FH, and CK20 among eosinophilic renal tumors: A tissue microarray study.

Background: Differential diagnosis can be a challenge for eosinophilic subtypes of renal cell tumors due to their overlapping histomorphological and immunohistochemical features. We aimed to investigate the frequency of rare variants of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) such as succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC (SDDRCC), hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC (HLRCC)-associated RCC, and eosinophilic, solid, and cystic RCC (ESCRCC) in our population. Materials and methods: Renal tumors which could be considered in the eosinophilic tumor category were included: 91 conventional clear cell RCCs with eosinophilic cytoplasm, 72 papillary RCCs, 74 chromophobe RCCs, 88 oncocytomas, and 37 other rare subtypes. Using the tissue microarray method, succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), fumarate hydratase (FH), and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) antibodies were performed by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was repeated on whole block sections for selected cases. The utility of these antibodies in the differential diagnosis was also investigated. Results: Loss of SDHB expression was detected in three tumors, two of which showed typical morphology for SDDRCC. In additional two tumors, SDHB showed weak cytoplasmic expression without a mitochondrial pattern (possible-SDHB deficient). None of the tumors showed loss of FH expression. Heterogeneous reactions were observed with SDHB and FH antibodies. Only one ESCRCC was detected with diffuse CK20 positivity. Conclusion: SDDRCCs, HLRCC-associated RCCs, and ESCRCCs are very rare tumors depending on the population. Possible weak staining and focal loss of SDHB and FH expression should be kept in mind and genetic testing must be included for equivocal results

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in ovarian mature cystic teratoma in pregnancy

We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma (MCT) of the ovary ascertained incidentally during pregnancy. An ovarian adnexal mass was seen in a 38-year-old pregnant woman during cesarean section. Oophorectomy revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from MCT with additional capsule invasion. Following this, staging procedures were applied. The patient was staged as IC and adjuvant chemotherapy was applied. She has remained disease-free for over 24 months. To our knowledge, this is a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from MCT and the third case of malignant transformation from MCT in pregnancy in English literature

Evaluation of human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical samples

Background: The most common sexually transmitted infection in the world is human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for 60-80% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions worldwide. Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the correlation of HPV genotype distribution with cervical cytology results in cervical smear samples and to contribute to HPV epidemiology. Materials and Methods: This study included 72 female patients. For detection of the HPV genotypes, a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that could detect more than 25 different HPV types was used. The cervical cytology and histopathology results of the patients were also evaluated simultaneously. Results: The frequency of high-risk HPV was 35% (25/72). The most common types were HPV51 (10%), HPV16 (8%), and HPV66 (8%), respectively. The most common type HPV51 and multiple HPV types were seen in 21-34 age groups. HPV DNA was detected in 21 of 43 samples that had cervical smear diagnosis grouping. Twelve samples (26%) had normal cytology. Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were the most common cytological diagnosis in HPV DNA positive samples. The most common HPV types in the patients diagnosed low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were HPV16 and HPV52. Conclusions: In this study, the frequency of high-risk HPV genotypes was 35% as similar to reports of the other studies conducted in our country. The most common types were HPV51, HPV16, and HPV66, respectively. The follow-up of patients with HPV51 infection in our area could help to improve the natural course of the disease and effective prevention programs

ACUTE PHOSPHATE NEPHROPATHY AFTER ORAL SODIUM PHOSPHATE FOR BOWEL PREPARATION IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT

Acute phosphate nephropathy (APN) can result from oral sodium phosphate (OSP) (dibasic sodium phosphate and monobasic sodium phosphate) purgatives used for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. Hyperphosphatemia, symptomatic hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, high anion gap metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) are sometimes seen after OSP. Here in a case of AKI which advanced after preparation for colonoscopy with OSP is presented. The patient was a 77 year old female. She had type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. A colonoscopy was performed to investigate the etiology of constipation. OSP was administered for preparation of colonoscopy and, after the procedure AKI which clinically compatible with APN developed. APN was shown with renal biopsy