Investigation of emotional schemas between adolescents and their mothers

Objective: It is common to see that child-parent interaction affects psychological problems in adulthood. This interaction process may also be effective in developing emotional schemas and attitudes. The present study aimed to investigate the similarities or differences in emotional schemas between mothers and adolescents in both clinical and control groups.Method: Eighty-two adolescents who applied to the child and adolescent outpatient clinics and their mothers (assigned as the clinical group) and 80 adolescents without any psychiatric problems and their mothers (assigned as the control group) were examined using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Form and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale Turkish Version (LESS-T). A multivariate analysis of variance test was used to determine the intergroup differences in emotional schema levels.Results: LESS-T was applied to all participants. No statistically significant difference was found between mothers and their adolescents on the LESS-T subscales in the control group (p=0.89). Mothers in the clinical group reported higher levels of demand for rationality (p=0.003) and emotional avoidance (p=0.01) than mothers in the control group. In the clinical group, adolescents reported higher levels of uncontrollability (p=0.007), and mothers reported higher levels of comprehensibility (p=0.001), demand for rationality (p=0.001), and emotional avoidance (p=0.007).Conclusion: Mothers' emotional schemas, such as avoidance and demand for rationality, may prevent their children from expressing and experiencing emotions sufficiently. Findings emphasize the importance of healthy mother-child interaction for developing emotional skills

Evaluation of executive functions in children with rheumatic heart diseases

Background Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease in children and young adults. The most notable complications of ARF are rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and Sydenham's chorea (SC). There have been many reports about executive dysfunctions with children who have SC. "Executive function" is an umbrella term that is used to describe higher level cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to determine the executive functions of children with RHD. We evaluated executive functions in healthy children with the same sociodemographic characteristics as children with RHD. Methods Our study was designed as a cross-sectional randomized study, including children with RHD aged between 12 and 18, and healthy controls. The difference between the patient and control group participants in terms of age, gender, education level, education level of the parents, family income level, and executive functions were investigated. Executive functions composed of Digit Sequence Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail-Making Test, Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results In our study, a total of 30 children with RHD were followed up at the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital composed the patient group. The control group was made up of 30 healthy children of the same sex and age group as the patient group. The mean age of the case group was 14.73 +/- 1.84 years. The Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Trail-Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Stroop Test produced no statistically significant differences between the RHD patients and the controls. Conclusions No statistically significant difference was found between the RHD patients and control patients in any executive function test. It was suggested that executive dysfunction might not develop in RHD patients before developing SC

A Retrospective Investigation of Clozapine Treatment in Autistic and Nonautistic Children and Adolescents in an Inpatient Clinic in Turkey

WOS: 000388118400007PubMed: 26771824Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to examine the clinical outcomes and safety of clozapine in children and adolescents with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders/autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or affective disorders. Methods: The inpatient and outpatient files of all children and adolescents treated with clozapine over a period of 34 months (from October 2011 to July 2014) were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were examined to describe clinical and metabolic findings, dosing, and tolerability of clozapine treatment in youth with schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, ASD, or bipolar disorder. Results: The 37 pediatric patients included 26 patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, 7 patients with ASD complicated by schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders or affective disorders, and 4 patients with ASD only. In all groups (n = 37) there was a significant reduction (p 30% symptom reduction on BPRS). In patients with ASD complicated by schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders or bipolar disorders (n = 7), there was a significant reduction (p = 0.017) in BPRS scores after clozapine treatment. The discontinuation rate for clozapine was 10.8%, and the most frequently observed side effect was hypersalivation (54.1%). Neutropenia associated with clozapine was observed in only one patient (2.7%). Conclusions: Clozapine seems to be effective and safe in children and adolescents with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders co-occuring with ASD or not. There is a need for further studies for determining the efficacy of clozapine in children and adolescents with bipolar affective disorder or ASD

Agresif ve yıkıcı davranışsal belirtileri olan okul öncesi çocuklarda risperidon kullanımı

Amaç: Temel olarak agresif ve yıkıcı davranışsal belirtiler ile başvuran okul öncesi çağdaki çocuklarda risperidon kullanım yaygınlığı ve özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu geriye dönük dosya tarama çalışmasında, hastaların tıbbi kayıtları yaş, cinsiyet, birincil ve eş tanılar, risperidon dozu ve tedavi süresi açısından gözden geçirildi. Risperidon dozu ve tedavi süresi birincil tanılar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Risperidonun 2790 çocukta kullanım yaygınlığı %18.5ti (s516). Ortalama yaş 4.861.12 yıl idi. Bu hastaların %74.4ünde bir yıkıcı davranış bozukluğu (YDB) birincil tanısı vardı. Risperidon ortalama başlangıç dozu 0.35 mg/gün ve ortalama idame dozu 0.52 mg/gün idi. Tedavinin ortalama süresi 4.9 ay idi. Zeka geriliği (ZG) olan hastalarda, YDB olan hastalara göre, başlangıç ve sürdürme dozları anlamlı olarak daha yüksek ve tedavi süresi anlamlı olarak daha uzundu. Tartışma: Okul öncesi çocuklarda, risperidon MR olan hastalarda daha yüksek dozlarla ve daha uzun süreli tedavi ile azaltılabilen agresif ve yıkıcı davranışsal belirtilerini kontrol etmek için sıklıkla kullanılır Agresif ve yıkıcı davranışları olan çocuklar için kanıta dayalı tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi kontrollü çalışmalara ve onların klinik pratiğe uygunluğunun onayını gerektirir.Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and mode of risperidone use in preschool aged children admitted with a chief complaint of aggressive and destructive behavioral symptoms. Methods: In this retrospective chart review study, medical records of the patients were reviewed for age, gender, primary and comorbid diagnoses, dosage and duration of risperidone treatment. Dosage and duration of risperidone treatment were compared among primary diagnoses. Results: In 2790 children prevalence of risperidone use was 18.5% (n516). Mean age was 4.86±1.12 years. Of these patients, %74.4 had primary diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). Mean starting dosage of risperidone was 0.35 mg/day and mean maintenance dosage was 0.52 mg/day. The mean length of treatment was 4.9 months. Starting and maintenance doses were significantly higher and treatment duration was longer in patients with mental retardation (MR) than in those with DBDs. Conclusion: In preschoolers, risperidone is frequently used to control aggressive and destructive behavioral symptoms which may improve with higher doses and longer treatment in those with MR. The development of evidence-based treatment modalities for children with aggressive and destructive behaviors necessitates controlled studies and confirmation of their pertinence to clinical practice

Risperidone use in preschool children with aggressive and destructive behavioral symptoms

WOS: 000348148800009Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and mode of risperidone use in preschool aged children admitted with a chief complaint of aggressive and destructive behavioral symptoms. Methods: In this retrospective chart review study, medical records of the patients were reviewed for age, gender, primary and comorbid diagnoses, dosage and duration of risperidone treatment. Dosage and duration of risperidone treatment were compared among primary diagnoses. Results: In 2790 children prevalence of risperidone use was 18.5% (n=516). Mean age was 4.86 +/- 1.12 years. Of these patients, %74.4 had primary diagnosis of a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD). Mean starting dosage of risperidone was 0.35 mg/day and mean maintenance dosage was 0.52 mg/day. The mean length of treatment was 4.9 months. Starting and maintenance doses were significantly higher and treatment duration was longer in patients with mental retardation (MR) than in those with DBDs. Conclusion: In preschoolers, risperidone is frequently used to control aggressive and destructive behavioral symptoms which may improve with higher doses and longer treatment in those with MR. The development of evidence-based treatment modalities for children with aggressive and destructive behaviors necessitates controlled studies and confirmation of their pertinence to clinical practice