Annihilator of Top Local Cohomology and Lynch's Conjecture

Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring, $\mathfrak a$ a proper ideal of $R$ and $N$ a non-zero finitely generated $R$-module with $N\neq \mathfrak a N$. Let $d$ (respectively $c$) be the smallest (respectively greatest) non-negative integer $i$ such that the local cohomology $\operatorname{H}^i_{\mathfrak a}(N)$ is non-zero. In this paper, we provide sharp bounds under inclusion for the annihilators of the local cohomology modules $\operatorname{H}^d_{\mathfrak a}(N)$, $\operatorname{H}^c_{\mathfrak a}(N)$ and these annihilators are computed in certain cases. Also, we construct a counterexample to Lynch's conjecture.Comment: All comments are welcom

Do Institutions Matter for Foreign Direct Investment?

In this paper the role of institutions in determining foreign direct investment (FDI) is investigated using a large panel of 107 countries during 1981 and 2005. We find that institutions are a robust predictor of FDI and that the most significant institutional aspects are linked to propriety rights, the rule of law and expropriation risk. Using a novel data set, we also study the impact of institutions on FDI at the sectoral level. We find that institutions do not have a significant impact on FDI in the primary sector but that institutional quality matters for FDI in manufacturing and particularly in services. We also provide policy implications for institutional reform.Foreign direct investment, institutions, sectoral FDI

Climbing to the top? Foreign Direct Investment and property rights

This paper operates at the interface of the literature on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on host countries, and the literature on the determinants of institutional quality. We argue that FDI contributes to economic development by improving institutional quality in the host country and we attempt to test this proposition using a large panel data set of 70 developing countries during the period 1 981 and 2005, and we show that FDI inflows have a positive and highly significant impact on property rights. The result appears to be very robust and is and not affected by model specification, different control variables, or a particular estimation technique. As far as we are aware this is the first paper to empirically test the FDI – property rights linkage.FDI, property rights, institutional quality, institutional change

The effects of social media on organizational behaviours in non-democratic countries

Context: Culture is a set of values, opinions and beliefs which shape people lives, societies, nations and organizations. However, organizational culture is the most essential context at the heart of the organizational development career but national culture has an effective impact on the organizational members behaviours and attitudes. The appearance of social media and its popularity among people have created different variables in the way that organizational members communicate, which impact on the stability of organizational development. But how organizational behaviours turn into challenges when social media as a new communication technology is introduced to the companies where the national culture of their countries has not embedded democracy principles? Objectives: This research proposed to determine how the use of social media impacts negatively and positively, on organizational behaviors inside of organizations hold in non-democratic countries in terms of leadership, collaboration, communication, interaction between seniors and subordinates. Method: The empirical research in this research consists of two qualitative proposals based methods by applying semi-structured interviews with 18 different level managers (Middle and Senior, CEO) from different large and medium companies in Iran. Hofstede Cultural Dimensions are the main cultural analysis framework which have been applied to the data analysis collected from interviews. Results: A framework for conceptualizing organizational behaviours in challenging with new communication technology in non-democratic cultural context which results a categorization of organizational behaviours specification variables and a set of propositions about their causes. Conclusions/Implications: The influence, importance and implication of both the national culture and organizational culture on challenging with social media networks have been focused and a set of new discussions have been developed for the future studies. Moreover, the detailed concentration of this research on the relation between social media effects and non-democratic culture context have brought many new views for the future researchers to have deeper understanding about the outcomes of new communication technology on organizational behaviours in developing nations where the democracy principles are not a part of national culture.Contexto: La cultura es un conjunto de valores, opiniones y creencias que conforman la vida de las personas, las sociedades, las naciones y las organizaciones. Sin embargo, la cultura organizacional es el contexto más esencial en el corazón de la carrera de desarrollo organizacional, a pesar de que la cultura nacional tiene un impacto significativo en los comportamientos y actitudes de los miembros de la organización. La aparición de los medios sociales y su popularidad entre las personas han creado diferentes alternativas en la forma en que los miembros de la organización se comunican, lo que repercute en la estabilidad del desarrollo organizacional. Pero, ¿cómo los comportamientos organizacionales se convierten en desafíos cuando los medios sociales, como una nueva tecnología de comunicación, se introduce en las empresas en donde los principios democráticos no han arraigado en la cultura nacional? Objetivos: Esta investigación propone determinar cómo los canales sociales impactan negativa y positivamente en los comportamientos organizacionales dentro de las organizaciones que pertenecen a países no democráticos en términos de liderazgo, colaboración, comunicación e interacción entre gerentes y subordinados. Método: Los dos estudios de la tesis doctoral siguen principios propios de la investigación con datos cualitativos mediante el uso de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 18 gerentes de diferentes niveles jerárquicos en diferentes compañías de Irán. Las dimensiones culturales de Hofstede son el principal marco de análisis cultural del estudio. Resultados: La tesis doctoral propone un marco para conceptualizar los comportamientos organizacionales que surgen de la aparición de nuevas tecnologías de comunicación en un contexto cultural no democrático. Para ello, la tesis doctoral realiza una categorización de variables de comportamientos organizacionales y un conjunto de proposiciones sobre sus causas. Conclusiones/Implicaciones: La influencia, importancia e implicación de la cultura nacional y organizacional en el uso de las redes sociales ha captado una gran atención por lo que se han desarrollado nuevas e intensas discusiones en el ámbito. Además, los resultados de esta investigación en la relación entre los efectos de los medios sociales y el contexto cultural no democrático han aportado muchos puntos de vista nuevos que permiten seguir investigando en este campo. Esta comprensión sobre los resultados obtenidos de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación sobre los comportamientos organizativos en las naciones en desarrollo es de gran relevancia por su impacto en los resultados organizativos