Attitude of biological science researchers of Arak city about participatory researches with people in 2005

زمینه و هدف: پژوهش مشارکتی به مفهوم انجام تحقیقات در جهت یافتن پاسخ مناسب به معضلات اصلی جامعه با مشارکت افراد ذینفع، آموزش و ارائه مداخله های مؤثر اجتماعی می باشد. از آنجایی که در این نوع پژوهشها محققین و مردم در کنار هم به تحقیق می پردازند و با توجه به نقش محققین و دانشگاهیان در انجام پژوهش های مشارکتی بر آن شدیم تا نگرش محققین علوم زیستی شهر اراک را در مورد این پژوهش ها مورد بررسی قرار دهیم. روش بررسی: این تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی است که بر روی 116 نفر از محققین دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی، علوم، آزاد اسلامی و مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب گردیده بودند انجام گرفت. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه خود ساخته می باشد که پس از طراحی نمودار درختی، امتیاز گذاری، تهیه بانک سؤال، مطالعه مقدماتی انجام یافت و بر اساس ضریب همبستگی هر سؤال با امتیاز کل (جهت اعتبار) و آلفا کرونباخ (جهت پایایی) سؤالات نهایی بر اساس مقیاس لیکرت انتخاب گردید. محققین در کلیه مراحل تحقیق متعهد به اصول اخلاق پژوهش بودند. یافته ها: در این تحقیق میانگین نگرش افراد مورد پژوهش نسبت به تحقیقات مشارکتی با مردم 96/67 (از حداکثر امتیاز 95)، بدست آمد و سپس به تفکیک میانگین نگرش افراد مورد پژوهش نسبت به مقوله توانمند بودن مردم 12/11 (از حداکثر امتیاز 15)، به مقوله رفع مشکلات جامعه 70/11 (از حداکثر امتیاز 15)، در مقوله اعتماد به تحقیقات مشارکتی با مردم 99/10 (از حداکثر امتیاز 15)، در مقوله زمان 49/7 (از حداکثر امتیاز 10)، در مقوله قابل انتشار بودن 47/7 (از حداکثر امتیاز 10)، در مقوله اعتبار 37/7 (از حداکثر امتیاز 10)، در مقوله مشارکت 24/6 (از حداکثر امتیاز 10) و در مقوله در آمد 55/5 (از حداکثر امتیاز 10) بدست آمد. نتیجه گیری: در این تحقیق مثبت ترین نگرش ها به ترتیب در مورد مؤثر بودن تحقیقات مشارکتی با مردم در رفع مشکلات جامعه، توانمندی مردم، و منفی ترین نگرش ها در مورد مشارکت و درآمد زا بودن تحقیقات مشارکتی با مردم می باشد. لذا جهت گسترش پژوهش های مشارکتی با مردم می بایست در جهت توجیه دانشگاهیان و ایجاد راهکار از طرف مسئولین جهت رفع این نگرش های منفی، همچون پیمانی کردن طرحهای تحقیقاتی مشارکتی با مردم اقدام نماییم

The relation of TSH and depression in hypothyroid patients

Background and aims: Many of hypothyroid patients that are under treatment with levothyroxine. In spite of normal blood level of thyroid hormones, are suffering from depression symptoms that show it is necessary the normal level of TSH should be detected specificially related to depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 174 hypothyroid patients under treatment with levothyroxine who referred to endocrinology clinic with TSH levels of 0.5-5 MIU/L for more than one year. Laboratory tests including TSH, T4 and T3 were performed. Beck depression questionnaire was completed for all patients by trained experts. Based on Beck depression test, scoreless and more than 10 was considered healthy and depressed, respectively. Then, TSH cut-off values based on depression was determined by Roc Curve analysis. Results: 174 hypothyroid patients (Female: 116, Male: 58) with mean age 45.5±11.7 years old were entered to the study. According to Roc Curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of TSH based on depression was estimated 2.5 MIU/L with 89.66% sensitivity. Conclusion: The present study suggested that a TSH cut-off value for treatment of depression in hypothyroid patients should be based on depression, not just based on population studies. Based on the assessment of depression, our study concludes that a TSH cut-off value of 2.5 MIU/L is optimal. This cut point can provide the greatest effect in terms of depression improvement and quality of life for these patients

Comparison of histopathologic findings of non-tumoral gastric mucus of patients with gastric cancer and patients with chronic gastritis

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: سرطان معده دومین علت مرگ ناشی از سرطان را در جهان به خود اختصاص داده است. تعیین ضایعات پاتولوژیک مرتبط با سرطان معده جهت ایجاد برنامه های غربالگری و در نتیجه اعمال اقدامات پیشگیرانه و پیگیری دقیق تر بیماران از اهمیت به سزایی برخوردار می باشد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی برخی ضایعات هیستوپاتولوژی مرتبط با سرطان معده انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد -شاهدی یافته های بیوپسی 55 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان معده سلولهای اپیتلیال و همین تعداد از افراد گروه شاهد که شامل بیوپسی های غیر سرطانی و غیر اولسر پپتیک بودند در بخش پاتولوژی بیمارستان الزهراء(س) از لحاظ وجود گاستریت آتروفیک، متاپلازی روده ای، دیسپلازی، شدت گاستریت، وجود فولیکول لنفاوی، انفیلتراسیون ائوزینوفیل و ارگانیسم هلیکوباکتر پیلوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های مجذور کای، من ویتنی و شاخص نسبت بخت (OR=Odds Ratio) تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: وجود گاستریت آتروفیک، ائوزینوفیلی و ارگانیسم هلیکوباکتر پیلوری در دو گروه مورد و شاهد اختلاف آماری معنی داری نداشت. در گروه مورد و شاهد به ترتیب درصد فراوانی متاپلازی روده ای 3/47 و 9/10 (001/0

Stature estimation and formulation of based on ulna length in Kurdish racial subgroup

Measuring stature is useful for forensic and anthropometrical sciences. The present study was conducted to calculate the stature from ulna length among Kurdish racial subgroup living in Iran. In this study, 50 females aged 19-24 were recruited. The ulna length of subjects was taken independently on left and right sides using a digital sliding caliper. The height was measured between vertex and floor. The height (Y) was also estimated by linear regression formulas from the length of right (X1) or left side ulna (X2). For right side, Y1 = 59.48 + 4.005 X1 ± 4.09295 (R=0.753); for left side, Y2 = 63.44 +3.887 X2 ± 4.24106 (R=0.731). The derived formulae are population specific and are designed for use in forensic and anthropometric skeletal analysis of Kurdish racial subgroup. These data provide a scientific basis for further investigations on racial subgroups living in Iran

Evaluation of vaginal group B streptococcal culture results after digital vaginal examination and its pattern of antibiotic resistance in pregnant women

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract of 10-40% of pregnant women and it is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was to evaluate whether vaginal GBS culture results alter after digital vaginal examination or not. Antibiotic resistance pattern of this specie has been also assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 186 pregnant women with gestational age of 37 weeks were enrolled to the study. Two vaginal swaps were taken before and immediately after digital vaginal examination, then third swap was taken after 48 hours of examination. The cultures were evaluated for bacterial growth and the isolated bacteria were assessed for antimicrobial drugs sensitivity. Results: Positive culture of GBS was seen in 16.1%. Initially negative GBS result was found not to change immediately after examination. But positive cultures were negative in 1.6% of women after digital vaginal examination. After 48 hours 2.7% of initially negative GBS was positive and no one with initially positive GBS had negative culture. Sensitivity to penicillin and vancomycin was 100%, erythromycin 74%, ampicillin 65%, cefazolin 62.8%, cefotaxime 54.2% and ceftizoxime was 40%. Conclusion: The present investigation showed that the vaginal GBS culture result is minimally affected by digital vaginal examination. Drug of choice for GBS eradication is penicillin; vancomycin could be the choice in the case of penicillin hypersensitivity

Prognostic value of CD44 in renal cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. De novo expression of CD44 and its variant isoforms has been associated with aggressive behavior in various tumors. Since little data is available on the role of CD44 expression in renal cell carcinoma, we evaluated CD44 expression to determine its prognostic value.
 METHODS: Forty-six patients with renal cell carcinoma were studied. CD44 expression was evaluated semiquantitively on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of CD44 was tested using Kaplan Meier plots by the log rank test and Cox regression analysis.
 RESULTS: Fifteen out of 46 specimens (32.6%) were CD44-positive. According to bivariate analysis, tumor stage, tumor size, nuclear grade and CD44 expression were significant prognostic factors.
 CONCLUSIONS: CD44 expression can be considered as a useful prognostic parameter in renal cell carcinoma.
 KEY WORDS: CD44 expression, renal cell carcinoma, immunohistochemistry

The Study of the Effect of Levothyroxine on Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) in Euthyroid Women

Background: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been known as the most important reasons for DUB (dysfunctional uterine bleeding) that presents as menstrual irregularities. Regarding to the effects of thyroid hormones on mense, levothyroxine intake may be effective on DUB in euthyroid women. Material and Methods: In this interventional randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 120 women aged 35-55 years old with DUB that they had no organic reasons and had normal thyroid function and they were taking oral contraceptive pill (OCP), were divided in two groups that each group included 60 women. The intervention group took one tablet of levothyroxine 0.1 mg daily and control group took placebo for three months and after 3 months, comparison between two groups were performed by using SPSS software 16 and in order to data analyzing paired t test and student t test and covariance analysis was used. Results: Our study showed the overall recovery rate of all kinds of mense irregularities was 48(80%) and 51(85%) in intervention and control groups respectively that shows there was no difference in comparison to pretreatment (P=0/47). The comparison of recovery rate based on different kinds of mense irregularities in two groups showed that recovery rate in metrorrhagia was significantly more in intervention group (100%) than control group. Based on covariance analysis, a meaningful recovery rate in duration and interval bleeding, and the number of used pads was seen in intervention group in comparison to control group (F=4.352, P=0.006)

Correlation of kidney biopsy findings and clinical manifestations of primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis

To evaluate the correlation of clinical, laboratory, and pathological features at pre-sentation of focal segmental sclerosis (FSGS), we reviewed in a cross sectional study the patholo-gical findings of kidney biopsies in 64 cases of primary FSGS, and correlated them with the clinical and laboratory data obtained at the time of the biopsies. The data included blood pressure, glome-rular filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and the level of proteinuria. The mean level of serum crea-tinine was significantly higher in the biopsies′ findings of synechiae (adhesions) in the Bowman′s capsule, interstitial fibrosis, and global scars (P< 0.05), and mean level of GFR was significantly lower with the presence of interstitial fibrosis (P< 0.05). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the level of serum creatinine and global sclerosis (r= 2.21, P= 0.04), and a negative correlation between the level of GFR and global sclerosis(r= 2.01, P= 0.02). All the patients with renal insufficiency had interstitial fibrosis in their biopsies in comparison of only the 24 patients (48%) of the group without renal insufficiency (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference bet-ween patients with and without hypertension and nephritic-ranged proteinuria. We conclude that we found a correlation of renal insufficiency in primary FSGS patients with interstitial fibrosis, global scars and the synechiae of Bowman′s capsule in their biopsies