Geometry of statistical submanifolds of statistical warped product manifolds by optimization techniques

This paper deals with the applications of an optimization method on submanifolds, that is, geometric inequalities can be considered as optimization problems. In this regard, we obtain optimal Casorati inequalities and Chen-Ricci inequality for a statistical submanifold in a statistical warped product manifold of type $\mathbb{R} \times_{\mathfrak{f}} \overline{M}$ (almost Kenmotsu statistical manifold), where $\mathbb{R}$ and $\overline{M}$ are trivial statistical manifold and almost Kaehler statistical manifold, respectively.Comment: No nee

Kamu denetçiliği kurumu kararlarında denetim ölçütü olarak kullanılan iyi yönetim ilkeleri

Bu çalışmada iyi yönetim ilkeleri olarak adlandırılanilkelerin kamu denetçiliği kurumu tarafından uygulamadanasıl yorumlandığı incelenmiştir. Böyleceiyi yönetim ilkelerinin idarenin yargı dışı denetiminde,denetim ölçütü olarak nasıl bir işlevininolduğu ve nasıl geliştirilebileceğinin ortaya konulmasıamaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle idareninyargı dışı denetimi ve bu denetim içinde ombudsmandenetimin yeri ve önemi ifade edilmiştir. İkinciolarak iyi yönetim ilkeleri sınıflandırılmış ve kamudenetçiliği kurumunun seçilmiş kararlarında iyi yönetimilkelerinin denetim ölçütü olarak uygulamasıincelenmiştir.6328 sayılı kamu denetçiliği kurumu kanununda iyiyönetim ilkelerine doğrudan yer verilmemiştir. İyiyönetim ilkeleri, kamu denetçiliği kurumunu kanunununuygulama yönetmeliğinde düzenlenmiştir.Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Kanununun Uygulanmasınaİlişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmeliğin“iyi yönetim ilkeleri” başlıklı 6. maddesinde iyi yönetimilkeleri; kanunlara uygunluk, ayrımcılığın önlenmesi,ölçülülük, yetkinin kötüye kullanılmaması, eşitlik, tarafsızlık, dürüstlük, nezaket, şeffaflık, hesapverilebilirlik, haklı beklentiye uygunluk, kazanılmışhakların korunması, dinlenilme hakkı, savunmahakkı, bilgi edinme hakkı, makul sürede karar verme,kararların gerekçeli olması, karara karşı başvuruyollarının gösterilmesi, kararın geciktirilmeksizinbildirilmesi, kişisel verilerin korunması olarak sayılmıştır.Madde metninden, iyi yönetim ilkelerinin busayılanlarla sınırlı olmadığı da görülmektedir.Sonuç olarak kamu denetçiliği kurumunun idareyedönük şikâyetlerin incelerken önce hukuka vehakkaniyete uygunluk ve ikinci olarak da iyiyönetim ilkelerine uygunluk yönünden incelediğigörülmüştür. İyi yönetim ilkelerinin etkili olması vekurumsallaşması için kamu 6328 sayılı yasa içindetemel bir denetim türü olarak düzenlenmelidir.İdarenin iyi yönetim ilkelerine uymaması durumundakamu denetçiliği kurumuna gerekçe bildirmesizorunlu hale getirilmelidir. Kamu denetçiliği kurumununiyi yönetim ilkeleri ile ilgili idareye dönükeğitim ve yayım faaliyetleri artırılmalıdır. İdareleriniyi yönetim ilkelerine uyumu ile ilgili performansraporları hazırlanmalıdır. Kamu baş denetçisi vedenetçilerin iyi yönetim ilkelerini en çok ihlal edenkurumları ziyaret etmesinin iyi yönetim ilkelerineuyma düzeyini arttıracağı değerlendirilmiştir. Böylecekamu denetçiliği kurumunun hukuk devletianlayışına sağlayacağı katkı artmış olacaktır.In this study, how the named as good administration principles are interpreted in practice by the ombudsman institution has been examined. Thus, it is aimed to reveal how the principles of good governance function as an review criterion and how it can be improved in the nonjudicial review of the administration. In the study, primarily, the nonjudicial review of the administration and the role and importance of the ombudsman review in this control are expressed. Secondly, good administration principles are classified and the application of good administration as a review criterion in selected decisions of the ombudsman institution is examined. Good administration principles are not directly included in the ombudsman institution law number 6328. The principles of good administration are regulated in the Application by law of the ombudsman institution law. Good administration principles in article 6 titled “good administration principles” of the by law on Procedures and Principles Regarding the Implementation of the Law on Ombudsman Institution; lawfulness, preventing discrimination, proportionality, misuse of powers, equality, impartiality, honesty, courtesy, transparency, accountability, legitimate expectations, protection of acquired rights, right to be heard, right to defense, right to information, decision in reasonable time, reasoned decisions It was counted as showing the application ways against the decision, notifying the decision without delay, and protecting personal data. It is also seen from the text of the article that the principles of good governance are not limited to these. As a result, it was seen that the ombudsman institution examined the complaints about administration first in terms of compliance with law and equity, and secondly, compliance with good administration principles. In case the administrations act against the principles of good administration, it should be made compulsory to inform the ombudsman institution. Education activity and publication related to administration regarding the good administration principles of the ombudsman institution should be increased. Performance reports on administrations’ level of adaptation with good administration principles should be prepared. It has been evaluated that Ombudsman and auditors visiting the institutions that violate good administration principles the most and will increase the level of adaptation with good administration principles. Thus, the contribution of the ombudsman institution to the of the rule of law will be increased

Cerrahi Hemşirelerinin Cerrahi Alan İnfeksiyonlarını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri

Giriş: Hemşirelerin cerrahi alan infeksiyonunu (CAİ) önlemek için doğru ve hızlı karar vermeleri ve kanıta dayalı uygulamalarla ilgili önerileri bilmeleri kaliteli hemşirelik bakımı verebilmek için çok önemlidir. Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı cerrahi hemşirelerinin CAİ önlenmesi konusundaki bilgi düzeylerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan araştırma, Ege Bölgesinde bir Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi cerrahi kliniklerinde çalışan 58 hemşire ile 20 Ocak 2020-15 Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında yapıldı. Veriler “Bireysel Özellikler Formu” ve Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezleri 2017 güncel rehberine göre hazırlanmış “Cerrahi Alan İnfeksiyonunu Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi Formu” ile toplandı. Çalışmada verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotlar ile birlikte Mann-Whitney U Testi, Kruskal-Wallis Testi, Lojistik Regresyon analizinden yararlanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin; yaş ortalaması 40.2±6.1, %93.1’i (n=54) kadın, %82.8’i (n=48) evli, %93.1’i (n=54) lisans mezunu, %67.2’si (n=39) 16 yıl ve daha fazla süredir hemşirelik yapmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %37.9’unun (n=22) infeksiyon kontrolü konusunda eğitim aldığı saptandı. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre hemşirelerin “Cerrahi Alan İnfeksiyonu Önleme Bilgi Düzeyi” puan ortalaması 13.1±2.2 (min:7, max: 18), bilgi formunda yer alan ifadeleri doğru yanıtlama oranı ise ortalama %62.2±10.4 olarak hesaplandı. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin cerrahi alan infeksiyonlarını önlemeye ilişkin bilgi puan ortalaması orta seviyenin üstünde saptandı. Hemşirelerin cerrahi alan infeksiyonunun önlenmesi konusundaki yetkinliğini artırmak ve bilgi eksikliğini gidermek için güncel rehberler eşliğinde hizmet içi eğitim programları düzenlenmelidir

Stable Coexistence or Competitive Exclusion? Fern Endophytes Demonstrate rapid Turnover favoring a dominant fungus

Fungal endophytes are critical members of the plant microbiome, but their community dynamics throughout an entire growing season are underexplored. Additionally, most fungal endophyte research has centred on seed-reproducing hosts, while spore-reproducing plants also host endophytes and may be colonized by unique community members. In order to examine annual fungal endophyte community dynamics in a spore-reproducing host, we explored endophytes in a single population of ferns, Polystichum munitum, in the Pacific Northwest. Through metabarcoding, we characterized the community assembly and temporal turnover of foliar endophytes throughout a growing season. From these results, we selected endophytes with outsized representations in sequence data and performed in vitro competition assays. Finally, we inoculated sterile fern gametophytes with dominant fungi observed in the field and determined their effects on host performance. Sequencing demonstrated that ferns were colonized by a diverse community of fungal endophytes in newly emerged tissue, but diversity decreased throughout the season leading to the preponderance of a single fungus in later sampling months. This previously undescribed endophyte appears to abundantly colonize the host to the detriment of other microfungi. Competition assays on a variety of media types failed to demonstrate that the dominant fungus was competitive against other fungi isolated from the same hosts, and inoculation onto sterile fern gametophytes did not alter growth compared to sterile controls, suggesting its effects are not antagonistic. The presence of this endophyte in the fern population probably demonstrates a case of repeated colonization driving competitive exclusion of other fungal community members

Genotypic Diversity and Host-Specificity of Frankia Bacteria Associated with Sympatric Populations of Alnus rubra and Alnus rhombifolia in Oregon

Biological nitrogen fixation is one of the most critical processes contributing to ecosystem productivity and stability on a global scale. In temperate climates of the northern hemisphere, plant-root associated bacteria of the genus Frankia are the major nitrogen fixers in forest environments. Trees belonging to the genus Alnus are the most widespread hosts of Frankia in the Pacific Northwest, and a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors can influence the robustness of this symbiosis. Host identity and bacterial strain are important features that can impact Alnus-Frankia association, but little is known about the interplay of intrageneric hosts that co-occur in natural settings. In this study we investigated the genetic diversity and host specificity of Frankia bacteria associated with sympatrically occurring populations of Alnus rubra (red alder) and Alnus rhombifolia (white alder) in Oregon. Based on sequence analysis of the nifH gene recovered from root nodules we found low overall bacterial diversity. One dominant Frankia genotype was associated with both host species, indicating a lack of strong host specificity in this system. Our results suggest that certain intrageneric plant hosts with overlapping distributions show cross-compatibility with symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria, and that low strain diversity of these bacteria can persist across mixed host populations

Species-Specific Effects of Passive Warming in an Antarctic Moss System

Polar systems are experiencing rapid climate change and the high sensitivity of these Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems make them especially vulnerable to accelerated ecological transformation. In Antarctica, warming results in a mosaic of ice-free terrestrial habitats dominated by a diverse assemblage of cryptogamic plants (i.e. mosses and lichens). Although these plants provide key habitat for a wide array of microorganisms and invertebrates, we have little understanding of the interaction between trophic levels in this terrestrial ecosystem and whether there are functional effects of plant species on higher trophic levels that may alter with warming. Here, we used open top chambers on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, to examine the effects of passive warming and moss species on the abiotic environment and ultimately on higher trophic levels. For the dominant mosses, Polytrichastrum alpinum and Sanionia georgicouncinata, we found species-specific effects on the abiotic environment, including moss canopy temperature and soil moisture. In addition, we found distinct shifts in sexual expression in P. alpinum plants under warming compared to mosses without warming, and invertebrate communities in this moss species were strongly correlated with plant reproduction. Mosses under warming had substantially larger total invertebrate communities, and some invertebrate taxa were influenced differentially by moss species. However, warmed moss plants showed lower fungal biomass than control moss plants, and fungal biomass differed between moss species. Our results indicate that continued warming may impact the reproductive output of Antarctic moss species, potentially altering terrestrial ecosystems dynamics from the bottom up. Understanding these effects requires clarifying the foundational, mechanistic role that individual plant species play in mediating complex interactions in Antarctica\u27s terrestrial food webs

İnfektif endokarditin epidemiyolojik, klinik ve prognostik sonuçları: 90 atağın retrospektif kohortu

To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic features, as well as the prognosis and long- term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis. Methods: The clinical records and follow-up data of 90 endocarditis episodes in 86 patients diagnosed with definite and possible infec- tive endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria in a tertiary university hospital, between 1998 and 2016, were reviewed. Results: Fifty-six patients were male (65.1%), and the mean age was 49.9 ± 14.3. Native valve endocarditis constituted 62.2% of the cases, while the remaining patients had prosthetic valve endocarditis. The aortic (34.4%) and mitral (24.4%) valves were infected more frequently. Streptococci (27.7%) and staphylococci (24.4%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Embolic complications (35.5%) were the leading cause of morbidity, followed by valve insufficiency (28.8%) and heart failure (21.1%). Valve replacement surgery was performed in 28 patients (31%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 15.1% (n = 13). Chronic renal failure (P = .042) and degenerative valves (P = .036) were significantly associated with mortality. Among 43 of the 73 cases available for telephonic survey, 36 (83.7%) patients were alive and without disease, with a median follow-up of 52.9 (4-163) months. Twenty-five (69.4%) of these patients were younger than 55 years, and 24 (66.6%) had native valve endocarditis. Conclusion: Underlying cardiac conditions and chronic renal failure increase mortality in infective endocarditis, regardless of the patho- gen. Long-term survival seems promising in cases with native valve endocarditis and in younger patients with low rates of comorbidities.İnfektif endokardit tanısıyla izlenen hastaların epidemiyolojik, klinik, mikrobiyolojik, ekokardiyografik özellikleri, prognozu ve uzun dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirmek. Yöntemler: 1998 ve 2016 yılları arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde modifiye Duke kriterlerine göre kesin ve olası infektif endokardit tanısı konan 86 hastanın 90 endokardit atağının klinik kayıtları ve takip verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda hastaların 56’sı (%65,1) erkek ve ortalama yaş 49,9 ± 14,3 idi. Doğal kapak endokarditi olguların %62,2’sini oluştururken, diğerlerinde protez kapak mevcuttu. En sık aort (%34,4) ve mitral (% 24,4) kapak tutulumu saptandı. Etken olarak strep- tokoklar (%27,7) ve stafilokoklar (%24,4) en sık izole edilen mikroorganizmalardı. Tüm komplikasyonlar içinde embolik komplikasyonlar (%35,5) ilk sırada yer almış, bunu kapak yetmezlikleri (%28,8) ve kalp yetmezliği (%21,1) izlemiştir. Hastaların 28’ine (%31) kapak replasman operasyonu yapılmış ve tüm hastalar içinde 13 hasta (%15,1) hastane takibinde kaybedilmiştir. Mortalite kronik böbrek yetmezliği (P = ,042) ve dejeneratif kapak hastalarında (P = ,036) istatistiksel olarak daha anlamlı bulundu. Taburculuk sonrası prognoz ve uzun dönem sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde sağ kalan 73 hastanın 43’üne ulaşılabilmiş ve bu hastalardan 36’sının (%83,7) ortalama 52,9 ay (4-163) hayatta ve genel durumlarının iyi olduğu, 25 hastanın (%69,4) <55 yaş, 24’ünün (%66,6) doğal kapak endokarditi tanısıyla izlenmiş olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: İnfektif endokardit hastalarında altta yatan kalp hastalıkları ve kronik böbrek yetmezliği patojenden bağımsız olarak mortalit- eyi arttırmaktadır. Doğal kapak endokarditi ve komorbiditeleri daha az olan genç yaş hastalarda ise uzun dönem sağkalım umut verici görünmektedir

The acorn honey used for a published study was mistakenly listed as quercus pyrenaica and should be corrected to quercus species

A critical review letter1 was published concerning the article “Quercus pyrenaica honeydew honey effects on gastric adenocarcinoma cells” published in Integrative Cancer Therapies in 2019.2 According to the letter, the authors reported that the Quercus pyrenaica mentioned in the study was neither found in Mount Ida nor within the borders of Turkey as stated in the study, therefore the results obtained in the study may belong to another Quercus species

Quercus pyrenaica honeydew honey with high phenolic contents cause dna damage, apoptosis, and cell death through generation of reactive oxygen species in gastric adenocarcinoma cells

Many studies have shown that honey with high phenolic contents prevents cancer formation. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that honey can be used for the treatment of cancer as well as cancer prevention. Antineoplastic effects of honey are often associated with their antioxidant phenolic contents. However, very few studies have dealt with the association of phenolic contents of honeys in terms of antiproliferative effects. The aim of this study was, therefore, to elucidate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating effects of honey samples on the basis of their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Fourteen different honey varieties were collected from various parts of Turkey, and their characteristics regarding total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant contents were determined to test their effects on gastric cancer cells (AGS). For convenience, 2 honey varieties were selected, namely, Ida Mountains Quercus pyrenaica honeydew honey (QPHH-IM) having the highest phenolic and antioxidant content and Canakkale multifloral honey (MFH-C) with the lowest phenolic and antioxidant content. Levels of 11 different phenolic compounds in QPHH-IM and MFH-C samples were determined by LC-MS/MS. AGS cells were incubated with different concentrations of QPHH-IM and MFH-C for 24 hours, then the cell viability, DNA damage, apoptosis, and generation of ROS were determined. We found that QPHH-IM had more cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects than that of MFH-C. We think that these effects are probably related to pro-oxidant activities due to the high phenolic contents present. Therefore, further research on high-phenolic honey may contribute to the future development of cancer therapeutics

Effects of Gluteus Maximus Muscle Strength on Ataxia, Gait, and Equilibrium in Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes scar tissue in the nervous system and seriously affects the quality of life of people. Muscle weakness, spasticity and coordination problems are seen primarily in the lower extremities. Strengthening exercises improve muscle strength in people with multiple sclerosis, but there is no consensus on their effect on walking capacity. Methods: To determine the relationship between gluteus maximus muscle strength, ataxia, balance and walking capacity in Multiple Sclerosis. An experimental study design was applied. Gluteus maximus muscle strength was measured using a dynamometer. Walking capacity was determined by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and dynamic gait index (DGI). Balance was evaluated with the one-leg standing test (SLS). The severity of ataxia was measured with the International Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Fatigue was evaluated with VAS and quality of life of all patients with SF36 short form. Results: EDSS mean of the study = 3.39 ± 1.4; 2 men and 16 women with mean age = 37.17 ± 9.16 years were included. 6MWT, DGI, ALS, ICARS, VAS were different before and after treatment (p\u3c0.05). There was no significant difference other than physical function and general health among the sub-parameters of SF36 (p\u3e0.05). Correlation of muscle strength with ataxia, gait and balance was not significant (p\u3e0.05) Conclusion: In individuals with MS, the fact that the treatment program consists of modalities that include balance and sensory exercises as well as muscle strengthening exercises increases the success of rehabilitation