Optimization of PV Model using Fuzzy- Neural Network for DC-DC converter systems

Abstract: Due to the large demand on energy, energy sources, as well as the problems of the environment such as the dynamic weather conditions. Hence the world researchers nowadays are moving toward using solar energy because it gives different advantages over the traditional energy sources such as low maintenance costs, eternal sun energy, and the lack of revival of the gases of green houses. As a result, the photo- voltaic (PV) systems' power will be reduced. Under different weather conditions, maximizing the power point tracking (MPPT) is an important part to improve the solar systems power. In this paper, we introduce the neural network approaches for the PV systems. This paper also presents a novel application of Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) in modeling a PV. The photovoltaic system model is designed with the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK software program with the connection of a DC-DC boost converter, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, a one-phase Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and a three-level bridge. The MPPT controller is used to cover the need for advanced controller that can detect the maximum power point in solar cell systems that have unstable current and voltage and keep the resultant power per cost low

Leveraging intelligence from network CDR data for interference aware energy consumption minimization

Cell densification is being perceived as the panacea for the imminent capacity crunch. However, high aggregated energy consumption and increased inter-cell interference (ICI) caused by densification, remain the two long-standing problems. We propose a novel network orchestration solution for simultaneously minimizing energy consumption and ICI in ultra-dense 5G networks. The proposed solution builds on a big data analysis of over 10 million CDRs from a real network that shows there exists strong spatio-temporal predictability in real network traffic patterns. Leveraging this we develop a novel scheme to pro-actively schedule radio resources and small cell sleep cycles yielding substantial energy savings and reduced ICI, without compromising the users QoS. This scheme is derived by formulating a joint Energy Consumption and ICI minimization problem and solving it through a combination of linear binary integer programming, and progressive analysis based heuristic algorithm. Evaluations using: 1) a HetNet deployment designed for Milan city where big data analytics are used on real CDRs data from the Telecom Italia network to model traffic patterns, 2) NS-3 based Monte-Carlo simulations with synthetic Poisson traffic show that, compared to full frequency reuse and always on approach, in best case, proposed scheme can reduce energy consumption in HetNets to 1/8th while providing same or better Qo

Experimental and numerical analysis of the asymmetric flat rolling process of square section bars

This paper analyzed the asymmetric flat rolling process of square section bars by testing experiments and finite element simulation methods. The impacts of the rate of roll diameter, decrease in altitude, and rotational speeds of the rolls on the width of cross-section and the curl radii at the leaving point of deformation for the brass and aluminum bar materials were investigated. Furthermore, the asymmetric rolling process of square section bars was simulated using ABAQUS commercial software. A great convergence was demonstrated among the findings forecasted by the FEM simulation and the experimental findings. It was found that by increasing the rate of rolling diameter, the curl radius and the width of the bar cross-section at the exit have been increased, and the roll speed has a insignificant impact on the width and the curl radius of the rolled bar

Effectiveness of the use of electronic educational blogs in teaching computers on the achievement of students

The purpose of this research was to know the effectiveness of using educational blogs in teaching computers on the achievement of students in the second year in the College of Education and retention of information. The researcher used the semi-experimental method. The sample of research consisted of (36) students in the second year in the department of Biology, the College of Education at the University of Samarra has been divided into two groups, one of which consists of (18) students which has been considered as control group and has been studied using the classical method, and the experimental group which consisted of 18 students studied using the educational blog. Both groups (experimental and control) were similar in number and equal in the number of variables that could affect the safety of experimental design of the research. The researcher choose Chapter 4 of (Microsoft PowerPoint 2010) and Chapter 5 (Inserting Objects and Adding Movements in Microsoft PowerPoint 2010) from Computer Basics Part 2, which is taught to students of the second stage at the College of Education / University of Samarra, the researcher used the test of achievement in the computer material, prepared by the researcher consists of (50) paragraphs of the multiple choice, and to test the validity of assumptions used researcher statistical packages program (SPSS)

Odd/Even order sampling soft-core architecture towards mixed signals Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Applications

Abstract : Digitization is at the center of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) with previously analog systems being digitized through an analog-to-digital converter. In addition, 4IR applications such as fifth generation (5G) Cellular Networks Technology and Cognitive Electronic Warfare (EW) at some point interface digitally through an analog-to-digital converter. Efficient use of digital resources such as memory, largely depends on the signal sampling design of analog-to-digital converters. Existing even order sampling has been found to perform better than traditional sampling techniques. Research on the efficiency of a digital interface with a 4IR platform is still in its infancy. This paper presents a performance study of three sampling techniques: the proposed new and novel odd/even order sampling architecture, existing Mod-∆, and traditional 1st order delta-sigma, to address this. Step-size signal-to-noise (SNR), dynamic range, and sampling frequency are also studied. It was found that the proposed new and novel odd/even order sampling achieved an SNR performance of 6 dB in comparison to 18 dB for Mod-∆. Sampling frequency findings indicated that the proposed new and novel odd/even order sampling achieved a sampling frequency of 2 kHz in comparison to 8 kHz from a traditional 1st order sigma-delta. Dynamic range findings indicated that the proposed odd/even order sampling has achieved a dynamic range of 1.088 volts/ms in comparison to 1.185 volts/ms from a traditional 1st order sigma-delta. Findings have indicated that the proposed odd/even order sampling has superior SNR and sampling frequency performances, while the dynamic range is reduced by 8%

Use of MPPT techniques to reduce the energy pay-back time in PV systems

Abstract: Photovoltaic (PV) energy is a free-energy that is used as an alternative to fossil fuel energy. However, PV system without maximum power point tracking (MPPT) produces a low, unstable power and with a long energy pay-back time. This paper presents an innovative artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) MPPT technique that could extract maximum power from a complete PV system and with a lessened EPBT. To confirm the effectiveness of the ANFIS algorithm, its result was compared with the results of PV system using Perturb&Observe (P&O) technique, non-MPPT technique, combination of artificial neural network and support vector machine as ANN-SVM technique and using Pretoria city weather data as case studies. Results show that ANFIS-MPPT yielded the best result and with the lowest EPBT

Numerical analysis of the photovoltaic system inspection with active cooling

The use of solar energy may replace the present fossil fuel or gas to produce electricity. The goal of this study is to set up a simulation model to survey the performance of a photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Ansys fluent software has been used for the simulation procedure. The electrical panel output and its efficiency were investigated numerically. In addition, the effect of variations in absorbed radiation on inlet fluid and absorber panel temperature on the system performance was investigated. The study was conducted for three cases, in a first case, where there is no refrigerant in the system and in the latter case, at constant fluid rate of the pump, whereas the third case with optimal pump operation. The numerical findings obtained from CFD simulators have been compared with the test records of the experimental results of the literature. The two results have a good agreement. From the obtained results, it can be noted that the system shows a good improvement for the electric net efficiency level of 3.52% with a lower reduction of the thermal system efficiency of 1.96% in comparison to the system when using the constantly high flow rate

Numerical Study of Inspection the Photovoltaic System with Active Cooling

-Electricity become a part of human modern life. It has many uses in our daily life and we cannot think of a word without electrical power. Solar source can replace the current fossil fuel or gas for generating the electric power. The aim of this study is to establish a simulation model to investigate the performance of a photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) by using computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). The model includes a water conduct tube, absorber plate and system for convection heat transfer. The ANSYS FLUENT software has been used for simulation process. The panel electrical output and its efficiency were numerically investigated. In addition, the effect of the absorbed radiation changes on the inlet fluid temperature and absorbing plate on the system performance were investigated. A dynamic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic thermal system with a circulatory pump was given. A detailed mathematical model of the system is presented. The study was conducted for three cases, in the first case, when there is no coolant in the system and in the second case, at a constant fluid flow of the pump, while the third case with optimized operation of the pump. The obtained numerical results by CFD simulators were compared with the experimental results of the documentation. The both results have good agreement. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the system gives a good improvement for the net electrical efficiency of 3.52 % with a low reduction in thermal efficiency of the system by 1.96 % compared to the system when the consistently high flow is use

Studying Shear Behavior of Self Compacting Concrete T- Beams Strengthened With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets

The investigational program consists of testing ten simply supported T- beams molded by using Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) with two point loads.All beams have the same dimensions (1500 * 300 * 100) mm and flexural reinforcement. In this study three parameters were considered: shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d), the shape of CFRP sheets and distribution of CFRP sheets.The specimens were divided into two groups (A and B), Group A with (a/d) equal to 2.5 and group B with (a/d) equal to 3. Each group involves five beams strengthened by CFRP strips. In addition to eight Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) beams strengthened by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), there were two reference beams. These reference beams had no strengthening by CFRP strips. All ten beams were made of SCC with fʹc equal to 40 MPa.The experimental results indicated that the Strengthened with (U) shape on the web only get good resistance to the shear force with shear span (a/d = 2.5) more than Shear span (a/d = 3) when we applied two-point load on the spaceman .Keywords: Self-Compact Concrete (S C C), Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (C F R P), Shear Failure crack, Shear Force, T-Beam