Muonless Events in ICAL at INO

The primary physics signal events in the ICAL at INO are the ${\nu}_{\mu}$ charged current (CC) interactions with a well defined muon track. Apart from these events, ICAL can also detect other types of neutrino interactions, i.e. the electron neutrino charged current interactions and the neutral current events. It is possible to have a dataset containing mostly ${\nu}_e$CC events, by imposing appropriate selection cuts on the events. The ${\nu}_{\mu}$ CC and the neutral current events form the background to these events. This study uses the Monte Carlo generated neutrino events, to design the necessary selection cuts to obtain a ${\nu}_e$ CC rich dataset. An optimized set of constraints are developed which balance the need for improving the purity of the sample and having a large enough event sample. Depending on the constraints used, one can obtain a neutrino data sample, with the purity of ${\nu}_e$ events varying between 55% to 70%.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figure

Matter vs Vacuum oscillations in Atmospheric Neutrinos

Atmospheric neutrinos travel very long distances through earth matter. It is expected that the matter effects lead to significant changes in the neutrino survival and oscillation probabilities. Initial analysis of atmospheric neutrino data by the Super- Kamiokande collaboration is done using the vacuum oscillation hypothesis, which provided a good fit to the data. In this work, we did a study to differentiate the effects of vacuum oscillations and matter modified oscillations in the atmospheric neutrino data. We find that magnetized iron detector, ICAL at INO, can make a 3 sigma discrimination between vacuum oscillations and matter oscillations, for both normal and inverted hierarchies, in ten years.Comment: Accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.

New physics upper bound on the branching ratio of B_s --> l+ l- gamma

We consider the effect of new physics on the branching ratio of B_s--> l+ l- gamma where l=e,mu. If the new physics is of the form scalar/pseudoscalar, then it makes no contribution to B_s--> l+ l- gamma, unlike in the case of B_s--> l+ l-, where it can potentially make a very large contribution. If the new physics is in the form of vector/axial-vector operators, then present data on B-->(K,K^*)l+ l-, does not allow a large enhancement for B_s--> l+ l- gamma. If the new physics is in the form of tensor/pseudotensor operators, then the data on B-->(K,K^*)l+ l- gives no useful constraint but the data on B-->K^* gamma does. Here again, a large enhancement of B(B_s--> l+ l- gamma), much beyond the Standard Model expectation, is not possible. Hence, we conclude that the present data on b-->s transitions allow a large boost in B_s--> l+ l- but not in B_s--> l+ l- gamma.Comment: Additional constraints from current data on B-->K^* gamma are considered. Present data on b-->s transitions allow a large boost in B(B_s-->l+ l-) but not in B(B_s-->l+ l- gamma

New physics upper bound on the branching ratio of B_s --> l+ l-

We consider the most general new physics effective Lagrangian for b --> s l+ l-. We derive the upper limit on the branching ratio for the processes B_s --> l+ l- where l=e, mu, subject to the current experimental bounds on related processes, B --> K l+ l- and B --> K* l+ l-. If the new physics interactions are of vector/axial-vector form, the present measured rates for B --> (K,K*) l+ l- constrain B(B_s --> l+ l-) to be of the same order of magnitude as their respective Standard Model predictions. On the other hand, if the new physics interactions are of scalar/pseudo-scalar form, B --> (K,K*) l+ l- rates do not impose any constraint on B_s --> l+ l- and the branching ratios of these decays can be as large as present experimental upper bounds. If future experiments measure B(B_s --> l+ l-) to be > 10^{-8} then the new physics giving rise to these decays has to be of the scalar/pseudo-scalar form.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, discussion about scalar/pseudo-scalar effective Lagrangian adde

Data Mining based Soft Computing Skills towards Prevention of Cyber Crimes on the Web

Internet is the vital resource of Information technology through which the source of Information can be transfer from one machine to anther machine ,information can be receive from one machine and it can be processed and send to another one in this sense it become a great hub distribution of information resources. Now that information can be utilized for educational, for commercial, for personal, by means of that has a various shapes and structure of its necessity. And this results into the traffic over the Internet. Therefore a robust and ideal methodology need to produced for tracing and detecting terror based activities by using traffic content as the auditing of information is being shown These methodologies read and detect the Abnormal and typical behavior of terrorist by using and applying various algorithms of Data Mining and the textual content of terror related web sites and finally profile is give and used by the system to take a real action in the form of tracing and detecting of such suspected person which are evolves in terror activities. As a modern term of computer science its combines with neural networks, artificial intelligence and advanced information technology in the terms of Web or Internet, no doubt Data mining also has a wide scope and verities of large range of web based Applications, with reference to the soft computing Technology which combines with Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Intelligence, Neural networks, and genetic Algorithm in the proposed computing. In this paper the various approaches of soft computing is discussed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15037

Anticancer potential of rosmarinic acid and its improved production through biotechnological interventions and functional genomics

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a highly valued natural phenolic compound that is very commonly found in plants of the families Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae, including Coleus blumei, Heliotropium foertherianum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Perilla frutescens, and Salvia officinalis. RA is also found in other members of higher plant families and in some fern and horned liverwort species. The biosynthesis of RA is catalyzed by the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylase using the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine. Chemically, RA can be produced via methods involving the esterification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeic acid. Some of the derivatives of RA include melitric acid, salvianolic acid, lithospermic acid, and yunnaneic acid. In plants, RA is known to have growth-promoting and defensive roles. Studies have elucidated the varied pharmacological potential of RA and its derived molecules, including anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The demand for RA is therefore, very high in the pharmaceutical industry, but this demand cannot be met by plants alone because RA content in plant organs is very low. Further, many plants that synthesize RA are under threat and near extinction owing to biodiversity loss caused by unscientific harvesting, over-collection, environmental changes, and other inherent features. Moreover, the chemical synthesis of RA is complicated and expensive. Alternative approaches using biotechnological methodologies could overcome these problems. This review provides the state of the art information on the chemistry, sources, and biosynthetic pathways of RA, as well as its anticancer properties against different cancer types. Biotechnological methods are also discussed for producing RA using plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures and hairy-root cultures using flasks and bioreactors. The recent developments and applications of the functional genomics approach and heterologous production of RA in microbes are also highlighted. This chapter will be of benefit to readers aiming to design studies on RA and its applicability as an anticancer agent

Platelet aggregation, mean platelet volume and plasma fibrinogen as risk factors for acute myocardial infarction

Background: The Aim of this study was to assess the role of platelet aggregation, mean platelet volume (MPV) and plasma fibrinogen levels in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted on 30 cases of AMI and 30 normal healthy age and sex matched controls. The cases and controls were investigated for platelet aggregation studies (done in platelet rich plasma (PRP) using light transmission chrono-log optical aggregometer), MPV (measured by automated cell counter) and plasma fibrinogen levels (estimated by Clauss method).Results: The mean platelet aggregation (%) in cases AMI was 57.61±11.91 which was significantly higher compared with 35.00±10.40 for healthy controls (p<0.001). Using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, most patients of AMI had a platelet aggregability of ≥49% on optical aggregometry (sensitivity = 83.3 % and specificity = 93.7%). The MPV (fL) in cases of AMI was 8.04±0.39 which was significantly larger when compared with 7.67±0.43 for controls (p= 0.001). The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration in cases of AMI was 383.1±48.3mg/dl which was significantly higher when compared with 271.33±57.7mg/dl for healthy controls (p<0.001).Conclusions: Platelet hyperaggregability, elevated MPV and plasma fibrinogen levels are found in patients with AMI and contribute significantly to risk of developing coronary thrombosis. These variables should be considered as additional screening tools to identify individuals at increased risk of developing AMI

Gibberellins - a multifaceted hormone in plant growth regulatory network

Plants tend to acclimatize to unfavourable environs by integrating growth and development to environmentally activated signals. Phytohormones strongly regulate convergent developmental and stress adaptive procedures and synchronize cellular reaction to the exogenous and endogenous conditions within the adaptive signaling networks. Gibberellins (GA), a group of tetracyclic diterpenoids, being vital regulators of plant growth, are accountable for regulating several aspects of growth and development of higher plants. If the element of reproduction is considered as an absolute requisite then for a majority of the higher plants GA signaling is simply indispensable. Latest reports have revealed unique conflicting roles of GA and other phytohormones in amalgamating growth and development in plants through environmental signaling. Numerous physiological researches have detailed substantial crosstalk between GA and other hormones like abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid. In this review, a number of explanations and clarifications for this discrepancy are explored based on the crosstalk among GA and other phytohormones