APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR SALT FORMATION REACTIONS OF PICRIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID -ACETIC ANHYDRATE SYSTEM WITH CINITAPRIDE TARTRATE FOR ESTIMATION OF THE DRUG IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: The present investigation was aimed at developing and validating two novel highly sensitive, selective, accurate and simple spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Cinitapride tartrate (CNP) in bulk and its dosage forms Methods: Method A was based on molecular salt formation reaction of Cinitapride tartrate with Picric Acid to form a yellow coloured chromogen having absorption maxima of 410 nm*. Method B was based on the formation of an internal salt between Cinitapride tartrate and citric acid –acetic anhydrate system that was measured at 565 nm*. The factors affecting the reaction in both the methods were carefully studied and optimized. The kinetics of the reaction was investigated, and the reaction mechanism was postulated. Results: Under the optimized conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient of was found between the absorbance and Cinitapride tartrate concentration in the range of 8-40 μg / mL and 4-20μg / mL for method A and B respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 1.4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cinitapride tartrate in its bulk form and pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy. Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cinitapride tartrate in its bulk form and pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy. Hence, these methods can be used for the routine quality control of CNP in its dosage forms

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOTS Of RUBIA CARDIFOLIA (MANJISTHA).

ABSTRACTObjective: The present research investigation was carried out with prime objective of studying the phytoconstituents of roots of Rubia Cardifolia afterisolation with flash chromatography technique.Methods: The ethanolic root extract of Rubia Cardifolia was employed for GC-MS study.Results: The study on active principles of ethanolic root extract of Rubia Cardifolia by GC-MS, showed the presence of two important compounds.Rubiadin (30.81% area) and Purpurin (11.45 % area). More compounds would have appeared, but trying GC-MS with the isolated pure fraction byflash chromatography of root extract lead to isolation and discovery of two principal compounds. Conclusion: GC-MS analysis after carrying flash chromatography of ethanolic root extract led to identification of 02 pure compounds. The compoundswere found to be Rubiadin (1, 3 dihydroxy 2 methyl anthraquinone) and Purpurin (1, 2, 4 trihydroxy anthraquinone). The presence of Rubiadin andPurpurin justifies the usage of the root extract of plant for treatment of skin ailments.Key words: GC-MS, Rubia Cardifolia, Psoriasis, Rubiadin, Purpuri

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline