Biodegradation of Sugarcane Trash with Agro-Industrial and Farm Wastes for Value Added Organic Byproduct

Arable land degradation, agro-waste management coupled with irrational use of chemicals has led to concern about soil and environmental health. The sugarcane crop generates lot of vegetative biomass after harvesting, which is burnt in field creating environmental implications. A research trail was conducted at green house premises department of soil and environment SAU Tandojam. The waste byproducts of the sugarcane trash was blended with pressmud, poultry and goat manure to have decomposed nutrient rich product subjected to 130 days decomposition/composting. Results revealed that the pH had significant relationship with organic substrate decomposition used for the compost preparation blended with sugarcane trash. The organic carbon loss or mineralization showed great variability and had relationship with the substrate used and decomposition time for a finished product. The more organic carbon (31.80%) was recorded for Cspm and (31.80%) C was found for Cpm. Compost product was rich in carbon potassium values corresponding (4.6%) for Cspm and (2.7%) K for Cgm. It was concluded that sugarcane trash can best be blended with sugarcane press mud of agro-industrial waste. Further it could be recycled with agro-industrial waste for waste management, reduce pollution, chemical fertilizers and used as organic soil amendment

Structural Modifications of KrF Excimer Laser-Ablated Zirconium Correlated to the Surface and Mechanical Properties

The structural modifications of KrF excimer laser-ablated zirconium (Zr) have been investigated in correlation with its surface and mechanical properties after ablation in deionized water and ethanol. KrF excimer laser of pulse duration of 20 ns, wavelength of 248 nm, and repetition rate of 20 Hz has been utilized for this purpose. Irradiation of Zr was carried out for varying number of laser pulses ranging from 500 to 2000 for laser fluence value of 3.6 J/cm2. The structural and chemical analyses were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Vickers hardness tester were utilized for the analysis of surface morphology and hardness of laser-irradiated Zr targets. Presence of surrounding liquids played substantial role in structural, chemical, and mechanical modifications of Zr targets after irradiation. Pressure gradients and convective bubble motion owing to the confinement effects of the surrounding liquids, several thermal and chemical phenomena produced by heating through laser at the solid-liquid interface results in the generation of various hydrides and oxides of Zr, which are responsible for the development of various surface features and increase in hardness of irradiated Zr

Breast Cancer: Management and Survivorship

Breast cancer is one of the most common in female population worldwide and comprises about 22.9% of all cancers. Despite the prognosis and survival rates of breast cancer patients and survivors are comparatively better than other cancers, but their net outcome can be revealed by other factors like tumor grade, secondary effects of chemotherapy like insomnia and health behaviors, this distressing may decrease patient’s life expectancy. In the backdrop of this, the need of the hour for the breast cancer survivors is to assess multifactoral nonpharmacological interventions and the management that includes physical exercise, psychological and complementary medicine, which could be cost effective, widely accessible and more promising for breast cancer patients and survivors apart from pharmacological interventions

Intravaginal Administration Of Misoprostol Alone Versus Misoprostol And Isosorbidemononitrate For Cervical Ripening And Labour Induction

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravaginal administration of misoprostol  alone versus misoprostol and  isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening and labour induction.MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred women with term gestation,  Bishop  score <4 with various indications for labour induction were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I, 50 µg of misoprostol tablet was placed intravaginally, 4 hourly maximum upto 4 doses. In Group II,50 µg of misoprostol tablet with 40mg of isosorbide mononitrate was placed intravaginally in posterior fornix upto 4 doses.RESULTS: Two groups were similar in their clinical characteristics. The induction to delivery interval  was 20.8±2.9 hours vs 14.2±2.7 hours in two groups respectively. Misoprostol and isosorbide mononitrate was associated with a shorter induction to delivery interval, decreased oxytocin requirement higher rate of  vaginal delivery i.e 62.8% Vs 53.9% . Uterine hyperstimulation was more common with misoprostol. Neonatal outcome was similar in both the groups.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that both intravaginal misoprostol and combination of isosorbide mononitrate and misoprostol are safe and effective modes of labour induction. Isosorbide mononitrate and misoprostol is more effective than misoprostol alone in terms of  shorter induction to active phase interval and induction to delivery interval.  

THE NOVEL LAHOO RANG FALESTINE

Lahoo Rang Falestine" is very important in novel writing. It shows the change in every field of life on a global scale. These important changes have taken place at the political, economic, cultural, social, and cultural levels and have affected the entire era. In the present era, many traditions and values ​​have been broken and at the same time, the system that has been going on for years has been disrupted. There have been many losses but some good results. People's thoughts and feelings changed. In this novel, along with science and art, some movements also took place, which affected the intellect and consciousness of the present age. A new philosophical perspective on life began and these new ideas, and thoughts seemed to be in tune with the old traditions. During this period, complex issues of minorities, exploitation of minorities, sectarianism, political corruption, youth issues, the crisis of civilization and values, and misdeeds of the ruling class began to be written on the page. Novel writing has been the cradle of civilization from the very beginning. Various arts flourished in it. Literature, philosophy, history, etc. in Urdu got extraordinary development. India has been a land of development of various disciplines in which literature has special significance. Different languages ​​are spoken here and different languages ​​have their literary capital. The novel is considered a style of storytelling anyway. The novel is a genre of literature that is very interesting because the canvas of the novel is much wider than other genres of literature

Ultrasonographic measurement of placental thickness and its correlation with estimated fetal weight

Background: The human placenta develops with the principal function of providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Objective of present study was to assess the relationship between placental thickness with estimated fetal weight.Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study and includes 152 pregnant women with known last menstrual period, history of regular menstruation, singleton pregnancy and aged between 20 and 35 years. After Institutional Ethics Committee approval all recruited women were observed for baseline demographic and obstetric data including age, parity and past medical events at first antenatal visit. All women provided an informed written consent and underwent ultrasound evaluation of placental thickness at 18 to 40 weeks of gestation.Results: In the present study the mean placental thickness between the ranges of 18-40mm was 31.63±4.79mm and the mean estimated fetal birth weight was 2145.86±121.24grams. The pearson’s correlation coefficient between the two was 0.982. Thus, proving the significant positive correlation between placental thickness and estimated fetal birth weight (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: Estimated fetal weight is a very important component of antenatal care in which ultrasonography plays an important role. Placental thickness measured at the level of umblical cord insertion can be used as an accurate sonographic indicator in the assessment of fetal weight because of its linear correlation. Therefore, it can be used as an additional sonographic tool in assessing fetal weight

Comparison of the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in tablets form with that of the suspension form in the treatment of acute diarrhoea

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in tablet form with that of the suspension form in the treatment of acute diarrhoea.Methods: A comparative study was carried out at the Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan from October 2008 to April 2009, and comprised children aged6-24 months suffering from acute diarrhoea. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of even and odd numbers. Group A (even numbers) received dispersible zinc tablets, and group B (odd numbers) received zinc suspension. The patients were admitted for 3 days and improvement was checked at the end of 3rd day in terms of decrease in the frequency of stools/day. SPSS 15 was used for data analysis.Results: The 88 patients were divided into two groups of 44(50%) each. Overall, 49(55.7%) patients were male and 39(44.3%) were female. At the end of the 3rd day 51(58%) patients improved, while 37(42%) did not. In the zinc tablet group, improvement was in 32(72%) patients compared to 19(43%) in the zinc suspension group (p \u3c 0.05).diarrhoea.CONCLUSIONS: The results of tablets preparation were clinically significant in reducing the duration and severity of diarrhoea

Bilateral retractile testis: A possible risk factor for male infertility

Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid future physical, physiological and psychological ailments. Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) is a health problem if remains unnoticed till adolescence can lead to tribulations. BRT may affect testicular parenchyma and spermatogenesis. Cremasteric muscles (muscles attached with testes) pull the testes up into groin so it randomly moves up and down and do not reside in its natural pouch always. It has been a controversial issue in male infertility as retraction may affect infertility. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of male infertility among patients with Bilateral Retractile Testis. Methodology: A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18 - 40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and BRT. The data was collected using self-developed questionnaire including outdoor patients’ physical check-up, manual testicular examination as size and shape were done. Patient height, weight, blood pressure, their lifestyle, and dressing regarding wearing tight jeans habits were asked. Semen analysis was carried out showing abnormality in sperm count, motility or morphology and entered and analysed in the SPSS version 10. Means and percentages were calculated. Result: Out of 200 male infertile patients, a total of 25 (12.5%) patients with a diagnosis of BRT were found in the sample with the mean age of 29 years. Moreover, it was identified that those having BRT also have low motility of the sperms. Based on the results it was concluded that BRT is a possible cause of male infertility in Pakistani population. Conclusion: BRT is a possible risk factor to affect sperm motility and low sperm motility can lead to male infertility. The study estimates the prevalence of 12.5% among our sampled men

A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on attenuation of pressor response during laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients

Background: Laryngoscopy is associated with a sympathetic response that results in a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate in these patients. The mechanisms underlying these hemodynamic changes are incompletely understood. They may be caused by a reflex sympathetic discharge due to stimulation of the upper respiratory tract. It has been observed that hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations and are attenuated by β-adrenergic blockade. These hemodynamic changes may be undesirable particularly in neurosurgical patients. Aim of the study is the present study was prospective, randomized, double-blind conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dexmdetomidine and fentanyl in attenuation of pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.Methods: A total of 60 patients of 18–65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Class I/II of undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group D received dexmedetomidine and Group F received Fentanyl. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded preoperatively (baseline), at 5 and 8 minutes after infusion of study drug, before induction, 1 minute after induction, 2 minute after intubation, 5 minute after intubation, 10 minute after intubation  and 15 minute after intubation.Results: There was a better control of Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure   and mean arterial pressure in Group D when compared to Group F during laryngoscopy and after intubation.Conclusions: The present study shows that dexmedetomidine suppresses hemodynamic responses effectively than fentanyl

Plithogenic Fuzzy Whole Hypersoft Set, Construction of Operators and their Application in Frequency Matrix Multi Attribute Decision Making Technique

In this paper, initially a matrix representation of Plithogenic Hypersoft Set (PHSS) is introduced and then with the help of this matrix some local operators for Plithogenic Fuzzy Hypersoft set (PFHSS) are developed. These local operators are used to generalize PFHSS to Plithogenic Fuzzy Whole Hypersoft set (PFWHSS). The generalized PFWHSS set is hybridization of Fuzzy Hypersoft set (which represent multiattributes and their subattributes as a combined whole membership i.e. case of having an exterior view of the event) and the Plithogenic Fuzzy Hypersoft set (in which multi attributes and their subattributes are represented with individual memberships case of having interior view). Thus, the speciality of PFWHSS is its presentation of an exterior and interior view of a situation simultaneously. Later, the PFWHSS is employed in development of multi attributes decision making scheme named as Frequency Matrix Multi Attributes Decision making scheme (FMMADMS). This innovative technique is not only simpler than any of the former MADM techniques, but also has a unique capability of dealing mathematically a variety of human mind psychologies at every level that are working in different environments (fuzzy, intuitionistic, neutrosophic, plithogenic). Besides, FMMADMS also provides the percentage authenticity of the final ranking which in itself is a new idea providing a transparent and unbiased ranking. Moreover, the new introduced idea of frequency matrix handles the ranking ties in the best possible way and has an ability to provide the authenticity comparative analysis of previously developed schemes. Lastly, application of this FMMADMS is described as a numerical example for a case of ranking and selecting the best alternative