Análisis de diversidad genética y secuencias de nucleótidos del marcador mildi polvoso y del gen de resistencia Vf2RAD en variedades locales de manzana (Malus domestica)

Introduction: DNA sequencing-based methods and nucleotide sequence analysis have become the most common molecular approaches currently used for molecular typing purposes and phylogenetic diversity analysis. Methods: In this study, the nucleotid sequence variations of Powdery mildew resistance gene marker (CH03c02) and the apple scab resistance gene (Vf2RAD) beside phylogenetic diversity of seven apple landraces have been investigated. The two-locus have been successfully cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined across all studied landraces. Results: Results of sequence alignment of the Powdery mildew resistant locus (CH03c02), compared with that of the published sequence of the same locus of Discovery genotype (HiDRAS),revealed that the nucleotide variations of this locus ranged from 1 to 28 nucleotide substitutions across all seven apple landraces. Whilst, the nucleotide variations of VF2RAD ranged from 2-8 nucleotide substitutions across all the investigated landraces. The highest genetic distance (0.062) was between Amara and Barwari. Whereas, the lowest genetic distance (0.0015) was found between each of the Lubnani, Rechard, Ispartal, and the Ahmadagha. Thenucleotide sequences of the two loci were concatenated and implemented to build a Neighbor-Joining tree. The seven apple landraces were successfully grouped into two main genetic clusters (C1 and C2) in the phylogenetic tree. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the cloning approach used in the current study was found to be very successful and helpful for obtaining the full nucleotide sequences of these two loci. The investigated loci were displayed nucleotide variations among the studied landraces. And, finding of these variations was allowed the distinguishing and discrimination of these landraces

Aflp Assessment of Ficus Cultivars for Identification and Conservation

The fig (Ficus carica L., Moraceae), a typical Mediterranean fruit crop, is characterized by large adaptive potentialities to various ecological areas. To create a molecular characterization for 16 cultivars of Ficus, five  primer combinations were used to amplify these cultivar’s genomic DNA, producing a total of 292 legible bands (markers) were revealed, of which 281(96%) distinct polymorphic band patterns. The genetic diversity among 16 cultivars of fig ranged between 0.2124-0.7154. The lowest genetic distance was found between Qashe kani and Arzani where as the highest genetic distance was found between Qarani rash and Ribari. Cluster analysis by Using UPGMA method based on the similarity coefficient, cultivars were separated into seven major genetic clusters which were named as (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 and F7) with many sub-clusters. The analyzed data illustrates a good variability in the genetic pool of the local common fig making it a valuable source for incorporation into potential breeding programs for the region

Electroencephalogram Based Biomarkers for Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive and neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by loss of memory and cognitive decline. It is the main cause of disability among older people. The rapid increase in the number of people living with AD and other forms of dementia due to the aging population represents a major challenge to health and social care systems worldwide. Degeneration of brain cells due to AD starts many years before the clinical manifestations become clear. Early diagnosis of AD will contribute to the development of effective treatments that could slow, stop, or prevent significant cognitive decline. Consequently, early diagnosis of AD may also be valuable in detecting patients with dementia who have not obtained a formal early diagnosis, and this may provide them with a chance to access suitable healthcare facilities. An early diagnosis biomarker capable of measuring brain cell degeneration due to AD would be valuable. Potentially, electroencephalogram (EEG) can play a valuable role in the early diagnosis of AD. EEG is noninvasive and low cost, and provides valuable information about brain dynamics in AD. Thus, EEG-based biomarkers may be used as a first-line decision-support tool in AD diagnosis and could complement other AD biomarkers

Evaluación de variantes genéticas y filogenia de la pera común (Pyrus communis L.) cultivada en la ciudad Duhok empleando AFLP como marcadores moleculares

Introduction: Genotyping and evaluation of genetic variation and polymorphic information content of the locally cultivated pear (Pyrus communis L.) might play an important role in building the genetic bank. These are also immensely important for present and future pear breeding program in the region. Methods: In the current study, AFLP markers have been employed to estimate the level of genetic diversity and to assess the phylogeny among theseven most popular pear cultivars in Duhok city. Results: Eight selective primer combinations generated a total of 653 AFLP fragments from which 445 (68.2%) fragments were polymorphic. The number of visible amplified products per primer combination were varied and ranged from 66 to 96 bands. The highestpercentage of polymorphism (78.4%) was observed by the primer pair P174/M182, while the lowest percentage of polymorphism (58.6%) was observed by the primer pair P174/M100. The highest PIC (0.85) was obtained with the primer combination P174/ M182, while, the lowest PIC (0.49) was obtained by the primer combination P174/M307. The genetic distance was ranged from 0.1348 (between Danimarki and Amreki cultivars) to 0.3131 (between Italy and Zaafaran2 cultivars). Based on the AFLP data, all the seven pear genotypes were successfully clustered into two separate clusters (C1 and C2) with an out-group of Itali cultivar. Conclusions: Overall, it can be concluded that there was high polymorphism among the studied genotypes. Also, it can be stated that the AFLP was a reliable and a powerful technique in genotyping and discriminating of respective pear cultivars

Inhibition of the lectin pathway of complement activation reduces LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disorder with a high rate of mortality. Complement activation in ARDS initiates a robust inflammatory reaction that can cause progressive endothelial injury in the lung. Here, we tested whether inhibition of the lectin pathway of complement could reduce the pathology and improve the outcomes in a murine model of LPS-induced lung injury that closely mimics ARDS in human. In vitro, LPS binds to murine and human collectin 11, human MBL and murine MBL-A, but not to C1q, the recognition subcomponent of the classical pathway. This binding initiates deposition of the complement activation products C3b, C4b and C5b-9 on LPS via the lectin pathway. HG-4, a monoclonal antibody that targets MASP-2, a key enzyme in the lectin pathway, inhibited lectin pathway functional activity in vitro, with an IC50 of circa 10nM. Administration of HG4 (5mg/kg) in mice led to almost complete inhibition of the lectin pathway activation for 48hrs, and 50% inhibition at 60hrs post administration. Inhibition of the lectin pathway in mice prior to LPS-induced lung injury improved all pathological markers tested. HG4 reduces the protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p<0.0001) and levels of myeloid peroxide (p<0.0001), LDH (p<0.0001), TNFα and IL6 (both p<0.0001). Lung injury was significantly reduced (p<0.001) and the survival time of the mice increased (p<0.01). From the previous findings we concluded that inhibition of the lectin pathway has the potential to prevent ARDS pathology

Mechanical Properties of Tri Sustainable NBR/Cement Waste/Rice Husks Silica Blend

The accumulation of agricultural and industrial manufacturing waste is an important environmental problem of the most countries in which the means of recycling these waste are not available. Therefore, it is important to find sustainable green engineering applications for the integration of these waste in the industry and be an environmental, economic and industrial competitor and alternative to materials existing now. Cement waste and rice husks silica were added as a weight nanoscale particles (1μm /0-40pphr) and (10μm /20pphr) respectively to the Acrylonitrile - butadiene rubber (NBR) for making tri sustainable blend. Elongation and modulus of elasticity were measured before and after the addition of cement waste and rice husks to NBR by Tansometer device, The results showed improved the value of the modulus of elasticity after reinforced by cement waste and rice husks, but and at the same time, elongation was decreased

Design of Flue Gas-Air Heat Exchanger for Regeneration of Desiccant System

Heat recovering from biogas waste energy requires robust heat exchanger design. This paper presents the design of fuel gas-air heat exchanger (FGAHE) for recovering waste heat from biogas burning to regenerate desiccant material. Mathematical model was built to design the FGAHE based on logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) and staggered tube bank heat transfer correlations. MATLAB code was developed to solve the algorithm based on overall heat transfer coefficient iteration technique. The effect on tube diameter on design and thermal characteristics of FGAHE is investigated. The results revealed that the smaller tube diameter leads to smaller heat transfer area and tube. On the other hand, the overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt numbers have larger rates at smaller tube diameter. In conclusion, the nominated tube diameter for FGAHE is the smaller diameter of 0.0127 m due to the high thermal performance

Effect of novolac nanoparticles additions on specific gravity of NBR/CR blends

In this article, novolac nanoparticles with different weight fraction (0-40) wt.% were added to NBR/CR blends and investigate the effect of these additions on the specific gravity of rubber blend. The results obtained shown that the novolac nanoparticles works on increasing the specific gravity of NBR/CR blends, and specific gravity ratio increases with increased novolac nanoparticles percentage

Design of Flue Gas-Air Heat Exchanger for Regeneration of Desiccant System

Heat recovering from biogas waste energy requires robust heat exchanger design. This paper presents the design of fuel gas-air heat exchanger (FGAHE) for recovering waste heat from biogas burning to regenerate desiccant material. Mathematical model was built to design the FGAHE based on logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) and staggered tube bank heat transfer correlations. MATLAB code was developed to solve the algorithm based on overall heat transfer coefficient iteration technique. The effect on tube diameter on design and thermal characteristics of FGAHE is investigated. The results revealed that the smaller tube diameter leads to smaller heat transfer area and tube. On the other hand, the overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt numbers have larger rates at smaller tube diameter. In conclusion, the nominated tube diameter for FGAHE is the smaller diameter of 0.0127 m due to the high thermal performance

Rheological investigation of SBR/CW/CB tricomposite used to create a sustainable procedure for idler rollers production

The concept of sustainability is now considered the key of the future, not just for industry but also for all planet resources. The real guarantee for the continuation of our life is by recycling all types of industrial waste in such method that combines highly effective efficiency and environmental pollution protection. This will which create a sustainable resource that keeps earth natural resources from depletion. In this study we introduce a technological procedure for using of cement waste in manufacturing engineering parts with high efficiency. Rheological analysis for styrene butadiene rubber has been investigated as a function percentages additives (10-35 pphr) of cement waste (CW) and carbon black (CB). The rheological properties includes torque and thermoplasticity measured at temperature ranges of 165°C,175°C, and 185°C. The tests showed that the cement waste has the ability and efficiency for improving the rheological properties of styrene butadiene rubber