Fibrinolytic activities of Mycosynthesized selenium nanoparticles with selected culinary mushrooms / Sharjahan Mohamed Ali

Fibrinolytic drugs are commonly used in medical applications to treat various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, the fibrinolytic drugs used in clinical application results in undesirable side effects. Hence, seeking fibrinolytic drugs from natural sources is becoming more favourable. Recently, many edible mushrooms have become attractive sources of biological active compounds including fibrinolytic enzymes. In this study, the fibrinolytic activities of freeze-dried basidiocarps of ten edible mushrooms were quantified using the Folin-spectrophotometric technique and the fibrin plate assay. The fibrinolytic activity in crude protein extracts was recorded in the range from 6 to 48 U/mL in all ten mushrooms. The fibrinolytic enzymes from the crude protein extracts have been recovered using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). The ATPS fraction of L. edodes recorded highest fibrinolytic activity of 54.28 U/mg. The fibrinolytic enzymes from L. edodes were further analysed through gel electrophoresis study. A 50 kDa of a fibrinolytic enzyme from L. edodes was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The crude protein extracts and ATPS fraction of L. edodes were selected for selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) mycosynthesis. The mycosynthesised SeNPs were then characterised by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR). The absorption peaks at 220 nm and 280 nm were recorded in UV-Vis spectrophotometer confirmed the formation of selenium nanoparticles. The mycosynthesised SeNPs using crude protein extract and ATPS fraction of L. edodes revealed that the selenium particles appear to be encapsulated by fibrinolytic enzymes in FESEM and HR-TEM morphology test. The EDX and FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of Se and fibrinolytic enzyme in mycosynthesised SeNPs using crude protein extract and ATPS fraction of L. edodes respectively

Surface Decoration of Selenium Nanoparticles by Proteins from the Culinary-Medicinal Shiitake Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes), for Enhanced Fibrinolytic Activity

Lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom) has exhibited fibrinolytic activity. We synthesized and characterized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using protein precipitated from the mushroom. We also investigated the fibrinolytic activity of the SeNPs. The proteins from a crude extract of L. edodes were recovered through the use of aqueous 2-phase separation, and these we used as the capping agent in SeNP biosynthesis. We characterized the SeNPs using UV-visible spectrophotometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The fibrinolytic capability of the SeNPs was tested through an in vitro fibrin plate assay. The UV-visible spectra showed maximal absorbance at 220 nm. FESEM images showed that the SeNPs were dispersed and did not clump. The TEM images revealed a spherical shape and average size of the SeNPs. The particle size distribution analysis confirmed the mean size of the SeNPs at 64.53 nm. A strong signal for the presence of selenium was observed in the EDX analysis. The FT-IR spectrum revealed the involvement of protein functional groups in the reduction of sel-enite. Overall, the SeNPs capped with protein from shiitake mushroom were effective as an in vitro fibrinolytic agent

Do Culinary Mushrooms Have Fibrinolytic Activities?

Recently, many culinary mushrooms have become attractive sources of biologically but non-pharmacological activities including immune modulating activities. In this study, the fibrinolytic activities of freeze-dried basidiocarps of ten edible mushrooms were determined using a qualitative fibrin plate assay and a quantitative enzyme assay using spectrophotometric method. Further, the crude extracts of all the ten mushrooms were subjected to an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to recover the fibrinolytic enzymes. The crude extracts and ATPS extracts of Lentinula edodes showed the highest fibrinolytic activity of 48.06 U/mg and 54.28 U/mg, respectively assessed via the Folin-spectrophotometric method. The recovery of fibrinolytic enzymes from L. edodes was the highest and the fibrinolytic enzymes were further analysed through gel electrophoresis study. A 50 kDa sized fibrinolytic enzyme from L. edodes was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Biomed Rev 2017; 28:91-99.Keywords: edible mushroom, fibrinolytic enzyme, Lentinula edodes, aqueous two-phase syste

Recent progress in research on the pharmacological potential of mushrooms and prospects for their clinical application

International audienceFungi are considered one of the most diverse, ecologically significant, and economically important organisms on Earth. The edible and medicinal mushrooms have long been known by humans and were used by ancient civilizations not only as valuable food but also as medicines. Mushrooms are producers of high- and low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds (alkaloids, lectins, lipids, peptidoglycans, phenolics, polyketides, polysaccharides, proteins, polysaccharide-protein/peptides, ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptides, steroids, terpenoids, etc.) possessing more than 130 different therapeutic effects (analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antiviral, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive, mitogenic/regenerative, etc.). The early record of Materia Medica shows evidence of using mushrooms for treatment of different diseases. Mushrooms were widely used in the traditional medicine of many countries around the world and became great resources for modern clinical and pharmacological research. However, the medicinal and biotechnological potential of mushrooms has not been fully investigated. This review discusses recent advances in research on the pharmacological potential of mushrooms and perspectives for their clinical application