Lipase Production from Bacillus subtilis using various Agricultural waste

Lipases was produced by Bacillus subtilis PCSIR NL-38 strain and rape seed oil cake as substrate. Surface fermentation of minimal media in 250ml conical flask under static conditions gave 12.81 U/ml of lipases at 40°C for 48 hours. Lipase activity was monitored titrimatrically. Optimization of physicochemical parameters indicated that PCSIR NL-38 showed maximum lipase production at pH 7 with NH4NO3 as inorganic nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source, FeSO4.7H2O as salt, with 7% inoculum size and 96 hours of incubation

Determination of Renal Changes by Ultrasonography in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes Type 2 causes damage to the kidneys; leading to diabetic nephropathy and high blood pressure. The aim of this study is determination of renal changes on ultrasonography in diabetic patients. Objective: This study evaluates changes in kidneys in patients presenting with type II diabetes mellitus having normal renal function test as compared to non-diabetics. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted on 116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by using convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted at Ultrasound Department of Gulab Devi hospital Hospital from July 2019 to September 2019. Results: Out of 116 patients there were 43(37.1%) female and 73(62.1%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 53.24 ±10.49. This study shows that the mean volume of Rt kidney was 1.229E2 ±38.39 ranging from 25ml to 218ml and mean volume of Lt kidney was 1.1691E2 ±41.96 ranging from 26ml to 231ml in patients presenting with DM Type 2 and mean parenchymal thickness of the Rt kidney 14.40 ±6 range from 0.86mm to 1.25mm and Lt kidney 13.7 ±5 range from1.2mm to 25mm.This study showed that mean volume of both kidneys and  parenchymal thickness increased in patients having diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a reliable and easily available modality to detect renal changes and complications in earlier stages of Diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Type II diabetes mellitus, Renal changes, Ultrasonography DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/68-07 Publication date: November 30th 201

Predator Prey Interaction on some Wheat Cultivars

The present findings was aimed to determine the predator prey interaction on some wheat cultivars was laid out at Experimental Area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during rabi wheat growing season of 2014. Five wheat varieties were sown in a complete randomized block design plot. The varieties are 1. NIA-Sunhari, 2. NIA-Amber, 3. NIA-Sundar, 4.Kiran 5.Kirman.The results indicated that maximum mean population of insect pest and predators were recorded on different varieties of wheat crop. The maximum mean Black aphid population was recorded on variety of NIA-Amber (3.36/leaf) and minimum on Kiran (2.79/leaf). The maximum mean numbers of green aphids were recorded on variety Kiran (5.26/leaf) and minimum mean population on variety NIA-Amber (3.59/leaf). The maximum American bollworm was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari, (0.51/leaf) and minimum population was recorded on variety NIA-Sundar (0.14/leaf). Its population was increase in the mid to end of season. The maximum Thrips population appeared on variety NIA-Amber (5.61/leaf) and lowest on NIA-Sunhari (2.79/leaf). The Thrips increased slowly at the start of the season and continued at mid to end of the season. Among predators, the maximum population of Brumus was recorded on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.81/plant) and lowest population observed on variety of NIA-Sundar (0.05/ plant). Similarly the lacewing was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.25/plant) and its lowest population was on varieties of Khirman and Kiran (0.05/plant). Maximum 7- spotted beetles population was on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.64/plant) and the lowest population on Kiran (0.15/plant). While the maximum mean population of 11- spotted beetles was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.52/plant) and the minimum population on Kiran (0.17/plant)

Predator Prey Interaction on some Wheat Cultivars

The present findings was aimed to determine the predator prey interaction on some wheat cultivars was laid out at Experimental Area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during rabi wheat growing season of 2014. Five wheat varieties were sown in a complete randomized block design plot. The varieties are 1. NIA-Sunhari, 2. NIA-Amber, 3. NIA-Sundar, 4.Kiran 5.Kirman.The results indicated that maximum mean population of insect pest and predators were recorded on different varieties of wheat crop. The maximum mean Black aphid population was recorded on variety of NIA-Amber (3.36/leaf) and minimum on Kiran (2.79/leaf). The maximum mean numbers of green aphids were recorded on variety Kiran (5.26/leaf) and minimum mean population on variety NIA-Amber (3.59/leaf). The maximum American bollworm was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari, (0.51/leaf) and minimum population was recorded on variety NIA-Sundar (0.14/leaf). Its population was increase in the mid to end of season. The maximum Thrips population appeared on variety NIA-Amber (5.61/leaf) and lowest on NIA-Sunhari (2.79/leaf). The Thrips increased slowly at the start of the season and continued at mid to end of the season. Among predators, the maximum population of Brumus was recorded on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.81/plant) and lowest population observed on variety of NIA-Sundar (0.05/ plant). Similarly the lacewing was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.25/plant) and its lowest population was on varieties of Khirman and Kiran (0.05/plant). Maximum 7- spotted beetles population was on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.64/plant) and the lowest population on Kiran (0.15/plant). While the maximum mean population of 11- spotted beetles was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.52/plant) and the minimum population on Kiran (0.17/plant)

Evaluation of anti-ROS and anticancer properties of Tabebuia pallida L. Leaves

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the in-vitro anti-ROS and in-vivo anticancer activities of Tabebuia pallida leaves (abbreviated as TPL) against Ehrlich’s ascite carcinoma (EAC) cells. Methods The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) (70% v/v) was fractionated successively with different solvents to get petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AQF). The phytochemical studies were done by standard spectrophotometric methods. The in-vitro cytotoxic and in-vivo anticancer activity were evaluated against brine shrimp nauplii and EAC-induced tumor bearing mice, respectively. Results Among the extracts, the EAF showed the highest phenolic (158.17 ± 1.54 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (5.43 ± 0.017 mg/g CAE) contents. The total antioxidant capacity of the EAF was 2.30 ± 0.080, which was higher than other extracts and the standard catechin (2.16 ± 0.038). The ferrous reducing antioxidant capacity was in the following order: AA>EAF > CEE > AQF > CHF > PEF. In DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, the EAF showed the highest DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 6 ± 0.25 μg/ml and 3.58 ± 0.28 μg/ml, respectively, when compared to the standard BHT (IC50 of 16.08 ± 0.28 μg/ml). Also, EAF showed potent inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation with IC50 of 14.33 ± 0.14 μg/ml. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) between the total phenolics and antioxidant potentials as well as lipid peroxidation inhibition with the hydroxyl radical scavenging was observed. In addition, the EAF showed the moderate cytotoxic effect with ED50of 8.50 ± 0.70 μg/ml and significant cell growth inhibition (71.17 ± 0.44%) when compared to the standards and the cell growth inhibition was positively correlated (p < 0.01) with phenolic contents. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the leaves of T. pallida might be considered as a new natural source for antioxidant and anticancer compounds, which could be a potent and novel candidate for anticancer therapy