Comparison between Male and Female Elite Wrestlers: A Psychological Study

Anxiety is recognized one of the main factor that reduces athlete's performance in games and sports but its depend on the nature of anxiety, So many psychological studies and lot of researchers and their research evidences support that high levels of anxiety can have a deteriorating effect on an individual athlete or team performance. This research paper was carried out to examine possible significant differences in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence among elite male and female wrestlers. The present investigation was used to form the samples as twenty five (N=25) medalist (12 male and 13 female) randomly selected from different weight categories in All India interuniversity wrestling competition. All subject readily agreed to volunteer as subject for collection of data. For this purpose measuring instruments was used Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2 (CSAI-2) Test developed by Martine's et. al (1990) , after that collected data was analyzed by using t- test to find out the significance differences between male and female elite wrestlers on above mentioned sub- psychological variable and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence .The obtain result advocate that each sub-variable (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence)  findings in contrast and that found insignificance difference among elite male and female elite wrestlers

Critical Insights in Choosing Approaches to Feedback in Second Language (L2) Writing: Catering Individual Needs

Although there is a debate as to whether or not feedback in writing helps second language learners, this research indicates that learners improve in writing with having feedback from their instructors. However, in correcting learners’ errors, especial care should be rendered to learners’ individual needs as all the learners do not like a single approach to feedback. Apart from indicating the importance of feedback, in what this study contributes to the existing literature is the suggestion that learners’ choice of the approaches to feedback varies more because of learners’ ‘individual needs’ than their ‘cultural differences’. Key Words: Writing Errors, Formative Feedback, Summative Feedback, Direct Feedback, Indirect Feedbac

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients infected by different sources and its correlation with clinical and virological parameters: a preliminary study

BACKGROUND: Information about genotypes and associated risk factors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients in Iran is limited. The aim of this study was to identify the HCV genotypes and associated risk factors in a group of HCV infected patients from Iran. RESULTS: Genotyping analysis was performed in 156 patients with positive anti-HCV and HCV-RNA. Patients were questioned concerning documented risk factors. Genotypes 1 and 3 were found in 87 (55.8%) and 45 (28.8%) patients, respectively. The most frequent HCV subtype was 1a (37.8), followed by 3a (28.9%) and 1b (16.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between the risk factors analyzed and the acquisition of HCV infection. We further found that 18 (40%) and 17 (37.8%) patients that were intravenous drug users (IVDU) had genotype 1a and 3a respectively. CONCLUSION: Genotypes 3a and 1a in Iran are less prevalent in IVDU than in Europe and USA, but there is a high similarity between the pattern of genotype in IVDU in both Europe and United States, and Iran. However, in this case it can not be due to people migration among countries since history of travel abroad existed only in 6 cases (13.3%)

Optimal Design of Multi-Span Pitched Roof Frames with Tapered Members

Many industrial buildings require large spans and high height, and the use of a frame with inclined roofs with non-prismatic elements can reduce the usage of steel. Pitched roof frame with single spans are optimized using different meta-heuristic algorithms. In this paper, the optimal design of industrial frames with two and three spans under gravity and lateral loads is performed. Five efficient and widely accepted optimization algorithms are used to optimize each frame. The convergence histories and design results of these algorithms are compared and the most suitable algorithm is determined. In each frame, the effect of increasing the apex height is evaluated on the optimal weight and the best angle is determined for optimum weight

Chronic exposure to chlorophenol related compounds in production workplace and kidney cancer: A meta-analysis

Background and Aims: Chlorophenols are a group of pesticides contaminated with dioxin compounds during their manufacturing. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) demonstrated an association between dioxin exposure and lung cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and soft-tissue sarcoma but the risk of kidney cancer and dioxin exposure has not been clearly defined. This study was proposed a meta-analysis of published researches to evaluate relationship between chronic chlorophenols exposure in pesticide production workplace and the mortality risk of kidney cancer.Materials and Methods:″chlorophenol″, ″Phenoxyacetic acid″ ,″cancer″ and ″dioxin″ keywords were used in PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Medline until 2012 and all publications that investigated the association between chroniccholophenols exposure in the production workplace and kidney cancer were identified. Publication bias was evaluated based on Egger test and funnel plot. We evaluated the heterogeneity of the studies with Q test. Random-effects model of DerSimonian Laird method was conducted in heterogenic studies, otherwise fixed-effects model based on Mentel-Henzel random-effects model was used.Results: Our search yielded 27 papers which investigated the association between chronic cholophenols exposure in the production workplace and cancer. After reviewing these papers 7 publications without overlapping represented standardized mortality rate (SMR) of kidney cancer. Results of metaanalysis showed that SMR for kidney cancer in workers with cholophenols exposure was increased (SMR: 1.25 ,95% CI: 0.9- 1.63, p = 0.09).Conclusions: The results of this study strengthen the evidence of cancer in occupational exposure to cholophenols contaminated with TCDD. Moreover, these compounds increased the risk of death from kidney cancer which was related to the type of cholophenols compound and dioxine contamination.Key words: Chlorophenol, Dioxine, Meta-Analysis, Kidney Cancer

Status of the shrimp sector in Bangladesh in the context of HACCP and trade issues: a review

Shrimp culture in Bangladesh has emerged as an important aquaculture industry over the last three decades although its culture in greater parts of the farming area is done in traditional ways. In the meantime, the government of Bangladesh has taken necessary measures along with the private sectors to increase production, upgrade processing industries and to promote export performance. Long supply chain in raw material collection, inadequate infrastructure facilities, poor level of cool chain and lack of adequate HACCP-based training on hygiene and sanitation of different groups of people involved in the field level are the main problems of quality loss of raw materials. Shortage of raw materials results in poor capacity utilization of the processing plants. The growth of bagda (P. monodon) hatchery has expanded rapidly over the last few years, remaining mostly concentrated in Cox's Bazar region is enough to meet the target production. However, there is a shortage of pelleted shrimp feed in Bangladesh. A large number of export processors are now producing increasing amounts of value-added products such as individually quick-frozen, peeled and divined, butterfly cut shrimp, as well as cooked products. The export earnings from value added products is about half of the total export value. About 95% of total fish products are exported to European countries, USA and Japan and the remaining to the Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Most of the EU approved shrimp processing industries have been upgraded with laboratory facilities and provided HACCP training to their workers. As of now, HACCP is applied on the processing plants, but to ensure the quality of raw materials and to reduce risks, shrimp farms are also required to adopt HACCP plan. There is increased pressure time to time from importing countries for fish processors to establish effective quality assurance system in processing plants. Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) of the Department of Fisheries while having moderately equipped laboratories with chemical, bio-chemical and microbiological testing facilities and qualified technical personnel, the creation of facilities for testing of antibiotics is underway. FIQC mainly supervises quality aspects of the processing plants and has little or no control over raw material supply chains from farm to processing plants. Bangladesh export consignments sometimes face rejection due to reported poor quality of the products. Three types of barriers are reported for export of shrimp to EU countries. These are:(1) government participation in trade and restrictive practices (state aid, countervailing duties, state trading enterprises, government monopoly practices), customs and administrative entry procedures (anti-dumping duties, customs valuation, classification, formalities, rules of origin); (2) technical barriers to trade or TBT (technical regulations, standards, testing, certification arrangement); (3) specific limitations (quantitative restrictions, import licensing, embargoes, exchange control, discriminatory sourcing, export restraints, measures to regulate domestic prices, requirements concerning marking, labeling and packaging)

Development of PCR-Based Detection System for Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae Pathogens Using Molecular Signatures

Pectobacterium and Dickeya species, usually referred to as soft rot Enterobacteriaceae, are phytopathogenic genera of bacteria that cause soft rot and blackleg diseases and are responsible for significant yield losses in many crops across the globe. Diagnosis of soft rot disease is difficult through visual disease symptoms. Pathogen detection and identification methods based on cultural and morphological identification are time-consuming and not always reliable. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method with the species-specific primers is fast and reliable for detecting soft rot pathogens. We have developed a specific and sensitive detection system for some species of soft rot Pectobacteriaceae pathogens in the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera based on the use of species-specific primers to amplify unique genomic segments. The specificities of primers were verified by PCR analysis of genomic DNA from 14 strains of Pectobacterium, 8 strains of Dickeya, and 6 strains of non-soft rot bacteria. This PCR assay provides a quick, simple, powerful, and reliable method for detection of soft rot bacteria

Multi -Layer Based Data Aggregation Algorithm for Convergence Platform of IoT and Cloud Computing

Sensor Networks (SN) are deployed in smart domain to sense the environment which is essential to provide the services according to the users need. Hundreds or sometimes thousands of sensors are involved in sensor networks for monitoring the target phenomenon. Large scale of sensory data have to be handle by the sensor network which create several problems such as waste of sensors energy, data redundancy. To overcome these deficiencies one most practice solution is data aggregation which can effectively decrease the massive amount of data generated in SNs by lessening occurrence in the sensing data. The aim of this method is to lessen the massive use of data generated by surrounding nodes, thus saving network energy and providing valuable information for the end user. The effectiveness of any data aggregation technique is largely dependent on topology of the network. Among the various network topologies clustering is preferred as it provides better controllability, scalability and network maintenance phenomenon. In this research, a data aggregation technique is proposed based on Periodic Sensor Network (PSN) which achieved aggregation of data at two layers: the sensor nodes layer and the cluster head layer. In sensor node layer set similarity function is used for checking the redundant data for each sensor node whereas Euclidean distance function is utilized in cluster head layer for discarding the redundancy of data between different sensor nodes. This aggregation technique is implemented in smart home where sensor network is deployed to capture environment related information (temperature, moisture, light, H2 level). Collected information is analyzed using ThinkSpeak cloud platform. For performance evaluation amount of aggregated data, number of pairs of redundant data, energy consumption, data latency, and data accuracy are analyzed and compared with the other state-of-art techniques. The result shows the important improvement of the performance of sensor networks

Analysing the role of corporate social responsibility in determining firm value

Business entities are basically established to maximize wealth in order to create additional value for their owners. The concept of corporate social responsibility presupposes that corporate bodies should not only be concerned with shareholders wealth maximization but should equally care for the need of other noninvesting stakeholders. Hence, to ensured long-term value for corporate firms, attention should be tailored at satisfying the needs of both investing and non-investing stakeholders. Stakeholder’s welfare in overall enhanced corporate valuation. This paper highlight the takeholder’s theory as the underpinning theory of the study