Low-profile Flexible Perovskite based Millimetre Wave Antenna

This paper presents the potential of perovskite antenna in the millimeter band. New materials have been developed to obtain suitable chemical characteristics to offer several advantages including simple structure, high operating bandwidth, high gain, compact and low-profile antennas in the millimeter range. The performance of antennas fabricated using these materials is analyzed here. Simulated results of the antenna prototype show a wide bandwidth of 26-33 GHz. Moreover, simulation evaluation of peak gain of the antenna is 1.443 dB at 28.8 GHz. Low efficiency of 45% in the range of operation presents as the main drawback of this design. The analysis is further extended to examine the impact of different flexible substrate materials. The thickness of the patch is also examined to optimize the antenna radiation performance

Flexible and Wearable Graphene-based Terahertz Antenna for Body-Centric Applications

This paper presents a graphene-based wearable antenna operating in the terahertz frequency range. Graphene with its highly attractive electronic properties, and modern manufacturing techniques can yield antennas that are not only flexible but efficient and low-profile, suited for terahertz applications. The graphene antenna investigated here has a resonant frequency of 0.647 THz. The performance of the antenna is evaluated on-body and in free space using three layers of human skin. Simulated results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 20 GHz and offers a radiation efficiency of 96% in free space and 50% on the body, with respective gains of 7.8 dB and 7 dB. The small and flexible structure of the antenna along with excellent impedance matching, high bandwidth, and gain, and good efficiency makes it an appropriate candidate to shortrange wireless communication in the vicinity of the human body

Terahertz Antenna based on Graphene for Wearable Applications

This paper presents the potential of a graphene antenna in the terahertz band for flexible and wearable telecommunication applications. Graphene with its extraordinary electronic properties can be used to fabricate low-profile antennas that provide wearability. Here we investigate the possible resonant frequencies of graphene antenna in the terahertz band by varying the graphene chemical potential from 0.1 eV to 0.4 eV and the relaxation time from 0.1 ps to 0.8 ps. We show that the antenna can resonate at three different frequencies of 4.546 THz, 4.636THz and 5.347 THz. An improved bandwidth at higher chemical potential 0.4 eV observed at 5.5 THz but it is accompanied by a lower directivity compared with the other two resonant frequencies. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of the substrate thickness on surface plasmon polarities (SPPs). Such flexible antennas with a large bandwidth and tunability point to a bright future of terahertz frequency wearable applications

Hybrid Terahertz Antenna Design for Body-Centric Applications

Short-range wireless communication at terahertz (THz) frequencies has many obstacles, given the very small antenna size (a few micrometers). Moreover, traditional radiating antenna elements such as copper, gold etc. have low mobility of electrons at THz frequencies, resulting in a high channel attenuation and low antenna efficiency. On the other hand, graphene displays remarkable electrical properties at THz frequencies and, can be an ideal material for antenna design resulting in high efficiency. However, there are challenges due to difficulties in fabrication and high absorption, particularly at higher chemical potentials. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a graphene-based THz antenna in free-space and on-body using three layers of human skin. Simulated results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 20 GHz and offers a radiation efficiency of 93% in free-space, whereas 50% on-body, with respective gains of 5.9 dB and 5 dB. The small and flexible structure of the antenna along with excellent impedance matching, and high bandwidth make it a suitable candidate for short-range wireless communication in the vicinity of the human body

Predicting Divorce Prospect Using Ensemble Learning:Support Vector Machine, Linear Model, and Neural Network

A divorce is a legal step taken by married people to end their marriage. It occurs after a couple decides to no longer live together as husband and wife. Globally, the divorce rate has more than doubled from 1970 until 2008, with divorces per 1,000 married people rising from 2.6 to 5.5. Divorce occurs at a rate of 16.9 per 1,000 married women. According to the experts, over half of all marriages ends in divorce or separation in the United States. A novel ensemble learning technique based on advanced machine learning algorithms is proposed in this study. The support vector machine (SVM), passive aggressive classifier, and neural network (MLP) are applied in the context of divorce prediction. A question-based dataset is created by the field specialist. The responses to the questions provide important information about whether a marriage is likely to turn into divorce in the future. The cross-validation is applied in 5 folds, and the performance results of the evaluation metrics are examined. The accuracy score is 100%, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve accuracy score, recall score, the precision score, and the F1 accuracy score are close to 97% confidently. Our findings examined the key indicators for divorce and the factors that are most significant when predicting the divorce

BHPR research: qualitative1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis

Background: Foot surgery is common in patients with RA but research into surgical outcomes is limited and conceptually flawed as current outcome measures lack face validity: to date no one has asked patients what is important to them. This study aimed to determine which factors are important to patients when evaluating the success of foot surgery in RA Methods: Semi structured interviews of RA patients who had undergone foot surgery were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of interviews was conducted to explore issues that were important to patients. Results: 11 RA patients (9 ♂, mean age 59, dis dur = 22yrs, mean of 3 yrs post op) with mixed experiences of foot surgery were interviewed. Patients interpreted outcome in respect to a multitude of factors, frequently positive change in one aspect contrasted with negative opinions about another. Overall, four major themes emerged. Function: Functional ability & participation in valued activities were very important to patients. Walking ability was a key concern but patients interpreted levels of activity in light of other aspects of their disease, reflecting on change in functional ability more than overall level. Positive feelings of improved mobility were often moderated by negative self perception ("I mean, I still walk like a waddling duck”). Appearance: Appearance was important to almost all patients but perhaps the most complex theme of all. Physical appearance, foot shape, and footwear were closely interlinked, yet patients saw these as distinct separate concepts. Patients need to legitimize these feelings was clear and they frequently entered into a defensive repertoire ("it's not cosmetic surgery; it's something that's more important than that, you know?”). Clinician opinion: Surgeons' post operative evaluation of the procedure was very influential. The impact of this appraisal continued to affect patients' lasting impression irrespective of how the outcome compared to their initial goals ("when he'd done it ... he said that hasn't worked as good as he'd wanted to ... but the pain has gone”). Pain: Whilst pain was important to almost all patients, it appeared to be less important than the other themes. Pain was predominately raised when it influenced other themes, such as function; many still felt the need to legitimize their foot pain in order for health professionals to take it seriously ("in the end I went to my GP because it had happened a few times and I went to an orthopaedic surgeon who was quite dismissive of it, it was like what are you complaining about”). Conclusions: Patients interpret the outcome of foot surgery using a multitude of interrelated factors, particularly functional ability, appearance and surgeons' appraisal of the procedure. While pain was often noted, this appeared less important than other factors in the overall outcome of the surgery. Future research into foot surgery should incorporate the complexity of how patients determine their outcome Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interes

Application of Roland Barthes' Narrative Codes to Leigh Bardugo's Shadow and Bone

This paper aims to find out the utilization of Roland Barthes' narrative codes in Leigh Bardugo's Shadow and Bone. The story of the novel is woven around these codes. Roland Barthes introduced these codes in 1970s, after a thorough study of the novel Sarrasine, written by Honore de Balzac. After the study, Roland Barthes made his own framework and named it, the Narrative Codes of textual analysis. These are: The Hermeneutic Code, The Proairetic Code, The Semantic Code, The Symbolic Code, and The Cultural Code. Roland Barthes' codes are part of Structuralism's approach. The story of the novel in the given study revolves around a girl named Alina Starkov. She saves the woebegone people of Ravka- a fictional city- from the influence of the Darkling. The researcher utilizes a Qualitative approach by exploiting the codes mentioned above to explore the text. The analysis discusses the findings with reference to the novel. Many quotations have been taken from the text of the novel to make the study and analysis genuine. The study is limited to a few extracts of the novel and it concludes that Proairetic and Enigmatic code is used more frequently than others. Language is used as a tool to manifest cultural code. While the semantic code is least used in the novel

ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA FRUIT ETHANOL EXTRACT: Analgesic Activity of Nelumbo nucifera Fruit

Objective: Utilization of herbal remedies rich in flavonoids and vitamins have increased significantly these days to treat various disorders, thus existing research work encircled to appraise the analgesic effect of Nelumbo nucifera fruit (NNF) for evaluating its traditional use pharmacologically in disorders which are associated with pain and inflammation. Methods: Central analgesic activity in mice was assessed by tail flick test and the latency time i.e. the removal of tail from the stimulus was recorded. Similarly acetic acid induced writhing test was also conducted for the assessment of peripheral analgesic effect in mice and number of writhes was counted along with percent inhibition of writhes. Results: In tail flick test the peek anti-nociceptive effect at all doses of fruit was observed at 90 min. However, the percentage of tail elongation time was highest at a dose of 200 mg/kg i.e. 82% at 90 min. Number of writhes was highly significantly reduced at all doses of NNF but maximum effects were observed at dose 200 mg/kg as compared to control, indicating 48.41 % inhibition of writhes. Conclusion: NNF have exhibited strong analgesic effect in both animal models, which may be connected with the synergistic actions of flavonoids, saponins and tannins on arachidonic acid pathway inhibition. Hence NNF seems to have a great potential in disorders associated with pain but more experimental trials in this field are required to confirm these findings