The Use of DfE Rules During the Conceptual Design Phase of a Product to Give a Quantitative Environmental Evaluation to Designers

Organised by: Cranfield UniversityIn order to help designers to understand and translate the environmental constraints into effective actions, methods and tools have to be developed to enable the generation of more environmentally benign design alternatives according to Design for Environment rules. This article explains how to use DfE rules earlier during the conceptual design phase, when the designers don’t have simple qualitative tools or methods to evaluate their products. Two main actions have been realised: 1) to identify which kind of rules can be applied when designers only have a functional representation of their product 2). To create the necessary indicators to evaluate these rules depending on designers choices.Mori Seiki – The Machine Tool Compan

Change of daily process measures over the study period among the whole cohort and in subgroups of ICUs with baseline spontaneous trial (SAT) compliance of >50% and ≤50.

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Minimal underlying data.

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Map of Saudi Arabia with distribution of participating ICUs.

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Distribution of compliance, non-compliance and contraindications (with reasons) to the interventions.

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Forest plots for the change in spontaneous awakening trial (SAT) compliance and ICU mortality in different subgroups.

The p-value for interaction is shown. Additional subgroup analyses are provided in supplement for subglottic suctioning, spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) and ventilator associated events (VAEs). Footnotes: ** The random effect Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratio after incorporating ICU unit and hospital as random effects.^^ The random effect negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratio after incorporating ICU unit and hospital as random effects. IRR: Incidence rate ratio, CI: Confidence interval.</p

Forest plots for the change in subglottic suctioning, spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) and ventilator associated events (VAEs) in different subgroups.

** The random effect Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratio after incorporating ICU unit and hospital as random effects. ^^ The random effect negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratio after incorporating ICU unit and hospital as random effects. IRR: Incidence rate ratio, CI: Confidence interval. (PDF)</p

Outcomes.

Outcomes.</p

List of participating sites and ethics committee approvals.

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Data measures definitions.

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