MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE CONFECTIONERY INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA AND THE WAYS OF THEIR DECISION

As in the Russian Federation level of consumption of confectionery is traditionally high, the confectionery industry on outputs is one of the largest parts of the food industry. At the moment the enterprises of the confectionery industry conduct the activity in the conditions of the high competition, both from the domestic сompanies, and from foreign producers. Besides, such political and macroeconomic factors as sharp falling of ruble exchange rate and the imposed sanctions have had an adverse effect on the Russian enterprises of the confectionery industry. Thus, in spite of the fact that the confectionery branch is one of quickly developing branches of the food industry, it faces a number of problems. In article the main modern problems of the confectionery industry which are connected with specifics of this branch are considered. The special attention is paid to dependence of the domestic confectionery industry on import raw materials and weak advertizing. Also in work the measures for development of the confectionery industry taken from the state namely the key moments «Strategy of development of the food industry of the Russian Federation for the period till 2020» are considered, extent of implementation of the given program for development of the confectionery industry is analyzed. The author of article sets as the purpose to offer solutions of problems on the example of the Russian enterprise of the confectionery industry of Joint-Stock Company «Krasnyj Octyabr». In compliance with this purpose the following tasks have been set: to consider features of the confectionery industry, to analyse a modern economic situation, to reveal the main problems, to offer  actions for the solution of problems on the example of one of leaders in production of confectionery in the Russian market − to JSC «Krasnyj Octyabr». In article the conclusion has been drawn that proposed measures have to be focused on the solution of the main system problems, formation of new industrial potential, modernization and development of innovations in the confectionery industry

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN FINANCIAL RATIOS

The economic basis of determining the financial position of the organization are solvency ratios, financial stability ratios and activity ratios. In the article is provided a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign ratios that define solvency of organization as well as the content of anti-recessionary measures applied. The comparison conducted, based on standard and normative methods, showed an ambiguous interpretation of the ratios’ values describing insolvent financial position of companies. As an example was given a ratios’ value comparison, describing financial position of OJSC "AVTOVAZ" and JSC "Russian Railways". According to the results of the Russian and foreign financial ratios’ value and their standard indicators research, suggestions and recommendations for their use are given

PHENOMENON OF ISCHEMIC STEAL SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS FOR HEMODIALYSIS AND ITS SURGICAL CORRECTION

Patients with arteriovenous fistulas (648 cases) were examined for hemodialysis. The ischemic steal syndrome was detected in 47 patients and it was associated with vascular access for hemodialysis. A frequency of given complication was studied with correlation of the type of vascular access. The data of clinical and instrumental examination were described. It was revealed, that the development of steal syndrome was influenced by the blood circulation volume velocity on fistulas. Different reconstructive operations were performed on 42 patients in order to save the access for hemodialysis and eliminate the ischemia. The ligation of fistula was carried out for 5 patients. The survival of arteriovenous fistulas after reconstructive operations was till 46 months during the period of follow-up study

HEMODYNAMIC ABNORMALITIES IN DIFFERENT KIND OF ARTERIOVENOUS ACCESS FOR HEMODIALYSIS

On the basis of examination of 35 dialytic patients, who had clinical findings of progressed chronic cardiac insufficiency against the background of the large arteriovenous shunt through existing vascular access, the authors show the complications. The volume of blood circulation along the arteriovenous fistula, which was more than 30% of cardiac output, caused dilatation of heart cavities with cardiac decompensation. If the largest potency to volume remodeling of native proximal arteriovenous fistulas is taken into account, this kind of access could cause hemodynamic abnormalities more often than others (in 22 (62.9%) of patients). The best primary survival was demonstrated by arteriovenous shunts (87.1%) during 2 years. However, long-term survival of native arteriovenous fistulas dramatically outperformed the other kinds of accesses. The choice of constant vascular access for hemodialysis is an important and difficult task in chronic renal disease of V degree patients