On the comparison of different tests for identification of a compound from its mass spectrum

AbstractIt is shown that identification tests of different dimensions or dimensionless should not be evaluated (for their efficiency to identify molecules from their mass spectrum) by comparing the tests for a molecule itself (repeated measurements) with other molecules. This kind of tests must have similar dimensions (units). Another possibility is the comparison of tests on the basis of success of correct prediction for “unknown” molecules from a library of standards

Relation between surface solitons and bulk solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media

We find that a surface soliton in nonlocal nonlinear media can be regarded as a half of a bulk soliton with an antisymmetric amplitude distribution. The analytical solutions for the surface solitons and breathers in strongly nonlocal media are obtained, and the critical power and breather period are gotten analytically and confirmed by numerical simulations. In addition, the oscillating propagation of nonlocal surface solitons launched away from the stationary position is considered as the interaction between the soliton and its out-of-phase image beam. Its trajectory and oscillating period obtained by our model are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 39 reference, Accepted by Opt. Expres

Natural cellulose coated dispersions: new opportunities in green process engineering and applications

Our recent discoveries have shown that cellulose chains could be molecularly dissolved in a solvent mixture of an ionic liquid with certain polar organic solvents, forming true solutions. Due to their molecular dissolution, the cellulose chains in hydrogels, formed by regeneration of these solutions, are also maintained in an amorphous structure. Furthermore, as was reported recently, cellulose solutions in other solvents, as well as suspensions of cellulose hydrogel particles, can be used as a novel amphiphilic coating for oil/water emulsification, by utilizing cellulose as an encapsulating agent that forms a stabilizing coating in oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions without the use of additional surfactants. Our innovative encapsulation process is cheap, “green” and uses simple fabrication methods (1-5). We have studied cellulose dissolution, formation and structure of regenerated cellulose hydrogels and fragmented hydrogel dispersions. Furthermore, we studied the influence of fabrication processes on structural parameters of cellulose coated oil-in-water emulsions, as well as their enzymatic degradation. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Power-dependent soliton steering in thermal nonlinear media

We address the existence and properties of optical solitons excited in thermal nonlinear media with a transverse refractive index gradient. We show that in such a geometry one can generate controllable switching from surface soliton propagating near the sample edges to bulk solitons. Beam steering associated to the different soliton output locations can be achieved by varying the input light intensity.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Optics Letter

The boundary force exerted on spatial solitons in cylindrical strongly nonlocal media

We investigate the propagation of the spatial soliton in cylindrical strongly nonlocal media by a novel method of image beam of light. The effect of the boundary on the soliton acting as the dynamic force for the soliton steering is equivalent to the force between the soliton beam and the image beam. The trajectory of the soliton is analytically studied which is in good agreement with the experimental results.Comment: 3 Pages, 3 figure

Attention Improves During Physical Exercise in Individuals With ADHD

The present study examined the effects of physical exercise on attentional processes in individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), compared to healthy controls. Unlike previous studies typically comparing performance on baseline measures with post-exercise performance, this study examined the effects of physical exercise on attention while participants were engaged in a continuous performance task. Fourteen individuals diagnosed with ADHD (71% females, mean age = 24.8) and 17 controls (76% females, mean age = 22.6) completed the Conners Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (CATA). All participants completed the test twice, at baseline in a sitting position and while walking on the treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h. The order of administration was counterbalanced for each group. A 2 × 2 ANOVA with repeated measures detected a group by activity interaction on several measures of the CATA. Specifically, compared to baseline, the ADHD group demonstrated faster reaction times during physical exercise (25.4 ms faster) and decreased omission errors (1.5% better), whereas controls showed the opposite pattern (15.9 ms slower and 0.88% worse, respectively). Importantly, the ADHD group’s overall relatively lower performance on these measures was only evident in the resting condition, attaining scores similar to controls during exercise. These results suggest a possibly hypoactive attentional system in ADHD that could potentially be enhanced by arousal through engagement in physical exercise