Business process modeling for software acquisition - A literature review

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New Developments in Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Both adults and children are regularly afflicted by infectious illnesses. We now have a better understanding of their epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment because of new diagnostic techniques. Recently, emerging infections have surfaced, prompting health officials to issue warnings. Furthermore, novel anti-microbial therapies have been identified; however, because of the potential for adverse effects on antimicrobial resistance, it is critical to understand when to utilize these therapies in order to prevent overuse and misuse. In addition, new vaccinations have entered the market, and it is crucial that medical professionals understand how they may affect public health. Also the use of prebiotics and probiotics has emerged now as a preventive measure for pediatric infectious diseases

PREVALENCE AND PREDISPOSITION FACTORS THAT CAUSE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ESOPHAGITIS

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated gastrointestinal disorders are typically seen in immune-compromised patients; nevertheless, a few cases have been reported in healthy hosts, despite the fact that the pathogenic mechanisms are yet unknown. Various lesions, including erythematous mucosa, erosions, and ulcers, are brought on by CMV esophagitis, albeit these inflammatory alterations can also be seen in nearby or superficial esophageal malignancies. Cancer patients with late and/or terminal stages of the disease have also been known to develop CMV-associated esophagitis due to immunosuppression brought on by chemotherapy or the physiological demands of the cancer itself. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of cytomegalovirus esophagitis, describe the evaluation of cytomegalovirus esophagitis and outline the causes of cytomegalovirus esophagitis. Methods: For article selection, the PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used. All relevant articles relevant with our topic and other articles were used in our review. Other articles that were not related to this field were excluded. The data was extracted in a specific format that was reviewed by the group members. Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) esophagitis, which can result from illnesses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and treatments like post-organ transplantation, long-term dialysis, and systemic steroid therapy, is mostly brought on by systemic immune deficiency. Primary CMV infection, however, can result in serious organ-specific consequences with high morbidity and fatality rates. In immune-competent people, severe CMV infections can have an impact on practically every system

BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTION IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Early detection, rapid cessation of the transfusion, early consultation with the hematologic and ICU departments, and fluid resuscitation are all necessary for the initial management of blood transfusion reactions. It is crucial that doctors stay current with the literature, are knowledgeable of the pathophysiology, early therapy, and hazards of each type of transfusion reaction because blood transfusions can result in major adverse consequences. Immune-mediated transfusion responses frequently result from a mismatch or incompatibility between the recipient and the transfused substance. Monitoring the patient's respiration rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pulse rate is necessary. Abnormal clinical characteristics, such as fever, rashes, or angioedema, should also be constantly evaluated

HYPERTENSION AS A RISK FACTOR FOR COVID-19 SEVERITY AND MORTALITY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

The new coronavirus illness (COVID-19) produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swiftly grown into a global epidemic. Hypertension has been identified as the most common cardiovascular comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, and it has been shown to increase the risk of hospitalization and mortality. Initial research suggested that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors might raise the likelihood of viral infection and worsen illness severity, generating concern considering the global prevalence of hypertension. Nonetheless, further research supported the use of antihypertensive medicines, noting that they do not worsen the severity of COVID-19 infection in hypertensive individuals, but may have a favorable impact. To yet, the specific mechanism through which hypertension predisposes to adverse outcomes in COVID-19 individuals is unclear. In this study, we discuss the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypertension, as well as probable causes, with an emphasis on the dual roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 and hypertension. The effects of pro-inflammatory factors released by the immune system and gastrointestinal dysfunction in COVID-19 are also discussed, as well as how to manage hypertension with covid-19