271 research outputs found
About the nature of Kansei information, from abstract to concrete
Designer’s expertise refers to the scientific fields of emotional design and kansei information. This paper aims to answer to a scientific major issue which is, how to formalize designer’s knowledge, rules, skills into kansei information systems. Kansei can be considered as a psycho-physiologic, perceptive, cognitive and affective process through a particular experience. Kansei oriented methods include various approaches which deal with semantics and emotions, and show the correlation with some design properties. Kansei words may include semantic, sensory, emotional descriptors, and also objects names and product attributes. Kansei levels of information can be seen on an axis going from abstract to concrete dimensions. Sociological value is the most abstract information positioned on this axis. Previous studies demonstrate the values the people aspire to drive their emotional reactions in front of particular semantics. This means that the value dimension should be considered in kansei studies. Through a chain of value-function-product attributes it is possible to enrich design generation and design evaluation processes. This paper describes some knowledge structures and formalisms we established according to this chain, which can be further used for implementing computer aided design tools dedicated to early design. These structures open to new formalisms which enable to integrate design information in a non-hierarchical way. The foreseen algorithmic implementation may be based on the association of ontologies and bag-of-words.AN
Particle Gibbs Split-Merge Sampling for Bayesian Inference in Mixture Models
This paper presents a new Markov chain Monte Carlo method to sample from the
posterior distribution of conjugate mixture models. This algorithm relies on a
flexible split-merge procedure built using the particle Gibbs sampler. Contrary
to available split-merge procedures, the resulting so-called Particle Gibbs
Split-Merge sampler does not require the computation of a complex acceptance
ratio, is simple to implement using existing sequential Monte Carlo libraries
and can be parallelized. We investigate its performance experimentally on
synthetic problems as well as on geolocation and cancer genomics data. In all
these examples, the particle Gibbs split-merge sampler outperforms
state-of-the-art split-merge methods by up to an order of magnitude for a fixed
computational complexity
Exponential Ergodicity of the Bouncy Particle Sampler
Non-reversible Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes based on piecewise
deterministic Markov processes have been recently introduced in applied
probability, automatic control, physics and statistics. Although these
algorithms demonstrate experimentally good performance and are accordingly
increasingly used in a wide range of applications, geometric ergodicity results
for such schemes have only been established so far under very restrictive
assumptions. We give here verifiable conditions on the target distribution
under which the Bouncy Particle Sampler algorithm introduced in \cite{P_dW_12}
is geometrically ergodic. This holds whenever the target satisfies a curvature
condition and has tails decaying at least as fast as an exponential and at most
as fast as a Gaussian distribution. This allows us to provide a central limit
theorem for the associated ergodic averages. When the target has tails thinner
than a Gaussian distribution, we propose an original modification of this
scheme that is geometrically ergodic. For thick-tailed target distributions,
such as -distributions, we extend the idea pioneered in \cite{J_G_12} in a
random walk Metropolis context. We apply a change of variable to obtain a
transformed target satisfying the tail conditions for geometric ergodicity. By
sampling the transformed target using the Bouncy Particle Sampler and mapping
back the Markov process to the original parameterization, we obtain a
geometrically ergodic algorithm.Comment: 30 page
Mapping a multi-sensory identity territory at the early design stage
This article presents a kansei design methodology. It is placed at the very beginning of the design process and aims to influence the following steps in order to improve the user's understanding and experiencing of the designed product. The experimentation combines in a subtle way the design thinking approach of learning by doing and the kansei engineering quantitative approach. The research presented is based on the results of a previous study that defined the semantic and emotional scope of future hybrid cars for European using visual stimuli. This kansei design methodology creates and assesses multi-sensory atmospheres is order to provide tangible direction composed of vision, touch, hearing and smell stimuli. From the cognitive and affective responses of the 42 participants we were able to detail 3 directions for future cars interiors that aim to enrich the styling design briefs and to influence the design strategies such as the management of the different grades. The research presented here was supported by the Kansei Design department from Toyota Motor Europe (TME-KD). This collaboration also brought an industrial context to it.SUPPORTED BY TOYOTA EUROP
Non-Reversible Parallel Tempering: a Scalable Highly Parallel MCMC Scheme
Parallel tempering (PT) methods are a popular class of Markov chain Monte
Carlo schemes used to sample complex high-dimensional probability
distributions. They rely on a collection of interacting auxiliary chains
targeting tempered versions of the target distribution to improve the
exploration of the state-space. We provide here a new perspective on these
highly parallel algorithms and their tuning by identifying and formalizing a
sharp divide in the behaviour and performance of reversible versus
non-reversible PT schemes. We show theoretically and empirically that a class
of non-reversible PT methods dominates its reversible counterparts and identify
distinct scaling limits for the non-reversible and reversible schemes, the
former being a piecewise-deterministic Markov process and the latter a
diffusion. These results are exploited to identify the optimal annealing
schedule for non-reversible PT and to develop an iterative scheme approximating
this schedule. We provide a wide range of numerical examples supporting our
theoretical and methodological contributions. The proposed methodology is
applicable to sample from a distribution with a density with respect
to a reference distribution and compute the normalizing constant. A
typical use case is when is a prior distribution, a likelihood
function and the corresponding posterior.Comment: 74 pages, 30 figures. The method is implemented in an open source
probabilistic programming available at
https://github.com/UBC-Stat-ML/blangSD
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