Sampling localities of studied <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> populations.

<p>Sampling localities of studied <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> populations.</p

Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) for cpDNA and AFLP data in <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i>.

<p>Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs) for cpDNA and AFLP data in <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i>.</p

Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) of AFLP genotypes of 54 samples of <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> using Jaccard distances.

<p>The first two axes explained 9.27% and 7.33% of the total variation. Color-coding differentiates a) the populations and b) the haplotypes revealed by the statistical parsimony network analysis.</p

Current and historical species distribution models for <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> in West Africa and tropical Africa, respectively.

<p>Probability of occurrence is represented by different colors from low (blue) to high (red). Results are based on the data from CCSM4 and MPI ESM-P paleoclimatic models representing the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 21 kyr BP) and Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO, ca. 6 kyr BP), as well as current climate observations. (a) Model of current distribution; (b) red dots indicate current occurrence points, which served as a basis for modelling, (c) HCO, CCSM4; (d) HCO, MPI ESM-P; (e) LGM, CCSM4; (f) LGM, MPI ESM-P.</p

Indices of haplotypic (cpDNA) and genotypic (AFLP) diversity of <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> populations.

<p>Indices of haplotypic (cpDNA) and genotypic (AFLP) diversity of <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i> populations.</p

Distribution range, sampling sites and genetic structure for <i>Senegalia senegal</i> populations analysed in the present study.

<p>(A) nuclear (B) study area and (C) chloroplast genomes. Each population is represented by a pie chart showing proportional membership of clusters or share of haplotypes. Haplotype network was generated by TCS in PopArt with circle sizes proportional to the relative frequency of a particular haplotype.</p

Sampling data for <i>Senegalia senegal</i> plant material analysed in this study.

<p>Sampling data for <i>Senegalia senegal</i> plant material analysed in this study.</p

Location of thirteen <i>Senegalia senegal</i> populations sampled from West Africa.

<p>Location of thirteen <i>Senegalia senegal</i> populations sampled from West Africa.</p

Relationship between genetic and geographic distances (isolation by distance) of <i>Senegalia senegal</i> in West Africa.

<p>Relationship between genetic and geographic distances (isolation by distance) of <i>Senegalia senegal</i> in West Africa.</p

Potential current and future distribution maps for <i>Senegalia senegal</i> across the study area.

<p>Location of sample points (A, red triangles) and habitat suitability map for <i>Senegalia senegal</i> based on present-day climatic conditions (B, brown shaded areas). Predicted potential distribution maps under future conditions: 2050 (C–F) and 2070 (G–J) is given according to the representative concentration pathway climate scenarios. Yellow areas indicate unsuitable conditions for <i>S</i>. <i>senegal</i>. The numbers identifying each of the RCPs (C–J) refer to the magnitude of the energy imbalance measured in watts per square meters in the scenario in the year under consideration [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0194726#pone.0194726.ref016" target="_blank">16</a>].</p