Modeling of the Process of Welding Aerosol Formation Taking Place During Mining Equipment Fabrication

In the paper the authors formulate the thermodynamic model of welding aerosol formation. The thermodynamic parameters of chemical compounds and aerosol phases are calculated. The authors develop a program for numerical calculation of various elements emission under varied parameters changing the welding conditions

Quantitative Assessment of Dentinal Tubule Disinfection in Absence of Biofilm on Root Canal Walls: An in vitro Study

Introduction: This study aimed at assessing the quantitative effect of calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and 1.5% chlorhexidine linked to xanthan gel specifically against intratubular bacteria. Methods and Materials: Fifty-two semi-cylindrical bovine dentin specimens were infected with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis by centrifugation with subsequent 7-days incubation. The surface of specimens was disinfected with 3% H2O2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the count of bacterial colony-forming units (CFU/mg) were used to assess dentin infection. A total of 40 specimens were incubated for 2 weeks with one of the intracanal medication applied (10 samples for each group): 1) calcium hydroxide, 2) 2% chlorhexidine gel, 3) 1.5% chlorhexidine linked to xanthan gel and 4) sterile saline. Final passive ultrasonic irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite was performed in half of the total specimens. The effect of intracanal medications and irrigation against intratubular bacteria was assessed by bacterial culturing of dentin shavings. Two-Way ANOVA model was applied followed by post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple pair-wise comparisons of mean CFU/mg values. Results: SEM, CLSM, and bacterial culturing confirmed the absence of the surface biofilm on the root canal wall and showed vital intratubular bacteria at the depth up to 700 mm. Two-week application of 1.5% chlorhexidine with xanthan gel and 2% chlorhexidine gel significantly decreased intratubular bacterial counts compared with saline (P=0.0003 and P=0.0005, respectively). Subsequent passive ultrasonic irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced the number of intratubular bacteria in all groups except for the group with 1.5% chlorhexidine-xanthan gel (P=0.0054). Conclusion: This modified ex vivo model study showed ultrasonically activated irrigation with sodium hypochlorite had greater effect on intratubular bacteria counts compared with 2-week application of intracanal medications

Genetic polymorphism of prolactin and nitric oxide synthase in Holstein cattle

Background and Aim: Bacterial and viral infections affect the welfare of animals and lead to large economic losses in dairy cattle breeding due to decreased productive indicators and increased culling rates. In modern dairy farming, farmers are looking for effective solutions to prevent and minimize infectious disease risks. To this end, the most relevant study field is the search for gene sites that impact production and health. This study aimed to determine the nature of the distribution of the relative frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic prolactin (PRL) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in Holstein cows and identify the relationship of these genes with resistance to mastitis and bovine leukemia. Materials and Methods: For this study, we chose cows because infectious diseases affect the amount of lactation and milk quality. Holstein cattle with mastitis and bovine leukemia were selected. Animal genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The results were analyzed using a nonparametric statistical method using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 6.0. Results: In healthy animals, 94 genotypes were identified for both genes under study. For bPRL, bPRL-RsaIAA (72) was the most common genotype and bPRL-RsaIBB (4) the least; for NOS2, bNOS2-HinfIAB (47) was the most common genotype and bNOS2-HinfIAA the least (21). In animals with leukemia, 34 genotypes were identified. For PRL, bPRL-RsaIAA (25) was the most common genotype and bPRL-RsaIBB (2) the least; for NOS2, bNOS2-HinfIBB (17) was the most common genotype and bNOS2-HinfIAA (3) the least. In animals with mastitis, 67 genotypes were identified. For PRL, bPRL-RsaIAA (43) was the most common genotype and bPRL-RsaIBB (6) the least; for NOS2, bNOS2-HinfIBB (31) was the most common genotype and bNOS2-HinfIAA (7) the least. The distribution of genotypes of polymorphic bPRL and bNOS2 generally coincides, and bPRL-RsaIBB is the most common genotype. In groups of sick animals, the number of bNOS2-HinfIAA homozygotes was lower than that of the control group. In particular, the proportion of animals with the bNOS2-HinfIAA genotype with bovine leukemia was 8.7% and with mastitis was 10.3% compared with 22.4% in healthy animals. These data support the possible association of the bNOS2-HinfIAA genotype with resistance to infection. The frequency of the bPRL-RsaIB allele was higher in groups of sick animals. This allele is associated with increased milk productivity, suggesting that highly productive animals are less resistant to the incidence of viral bovine leukemia and mastitis of bacterial etiology. Conclusion: DNA amplification of Holstein cattle for the polymorphic regions of PRL and NOS2 using the PCR-RFLP method revealed a possible connection between the distribution of relative allele frequencies of bPRL and bNOS2 and resistance to viral and bacterial infections. Thus, in groups of sick animals, the frequency of bPRL-RsaIBB, associated with increased milk production compared with the theoretically calculated equilibrium value was higher and the number of homozygotes bNOS2-HinfIAA was lower than in the control group. In conclusion, animals with increased milk production were more prone to diseases, such as mastitis and bovine leukemia

Comparative analysis of calcified soft tissues revealed shared deregulated pathways

IntroductionCalcification of soft tissues is a common age-related pathology that primarily occurs within vascular tissue. The mechanisms underlying pathological calcification in humans and tissue specificity of the process is still poorly understood. Previous studies examined calcified tissues on one to one basis, thus preventing comparison of deregulated pathways across tissues.PurposeThis study aimed to establish common and tissue-specific changes associated with calcification in aorta, artery tibial, coronary artery and pituitary gland in subjects from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset using its RNA sequencing and histological data.MethodsWe used publicly available data from the GTEx database https://gtexportal.org/home/aboutGTEx. All GTEx tissue samples were derived by the GTEx consorcium from deceased donors, with age from 20 to 79, both men and women. GTEx study authorization was obtained via next-of-kin consent for the collection and banking of de-identified tissue samples for scientific research. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of arteries were manually graded based on the presence of calcification on a scale from zero to four, where zero designates absence of calcification and four designates severe calcification. Samples with fat contamination and mislabeled tissues were excluded, which left 430 aorta, 595 artery tibial, 124 coronary artery, and 283 pituitary samples for downstream gene expression analysis. Transcript levels of protein-coding genes were associated with calcification grade using sex, age bracket and cause of death as covariates, and tested for pathway enrichment using gene set enrichment analysis.ResultsWe identified calcification deposits in 28 (6.5%) aortas, 121 (20%), artery tibials, 54 (43%), coronary arteries, and 24 (8%) pituitary glands of GTEx subjects. We observed an age-dependent increase in incidence of calcification in all vascular tissues, but not in pituitary. Subjects with calcification in the artery tibial were significantly more likely to have calcification in the coronary artery (OR = 2.56, p = 6.3e-07). Markers of calcification previously established in preclinical and in vitro studies, e.g., BMP2 and RUNX2, were deregulated in the calcified tibial and coronary arteries, confirming the relevance of these genes to human pathology. Differentially expressed genes associated with calcification poorly overlapped across tissues suggesting tissue-specific nuances in mechanisms of calcification. Nevertheless, calcified arteries unanimously down-regulated pathways of intracellular transport and up-regulated inflammatory pathways suggesting these as universal targets for pathological calcification. In particular, PD-1 and PD-L1 genes were up-regulated in calcified tissues but not in the blood of the same subjects, suggesting that localized inflammation contributes to pathological calcification.ConclusionPathological calcification is a prevalent disease of aging that shares little changes in expression in individual genes across tissues. However, our analysis suggests that it potentially can be targeted by alleviating local inflammation of soft tissues

Magnetic-Admixture States of Electrons in Solids

Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

THE VITA OF LAZAR OF MUROM AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE OF FYODOR GLINKA'S POEM KARELIA

The article proves that one of the sources of Fyodor Glinka’s poem Karelia was the legend describing The Vita of Lazar of Murom — a Greek monk who founded the Murom Monastery of St. Assumption on the southeastern shore of Onega Lake in the middle of the 14th century. This fact has not been mentioned yet in any of the literature studies devoted to Glinka’s works. It is believed that The Vita of Lazar of Murom was created during the period between the late 14th and early 15th century. At the end of the 18th century this manuscript’s copy belonged to a high rank Petrozavodsk offi cial I. A. Pykhtin. In 1805, he consigned his copy of The Vita of Lazar of Murom to a well-known Petrozavodsk historian T. V. Balandin, who made another copy of it. Soon T.V. Balandin transferred his copy to a famous Orthodox church historian Evgenii (Bolkhovotinov), who in turn published this copy in 1813 in the 5th volume of his work The History of Russian Hierarchy. In 1826–1830, poet Fyodor Glinka was sent to exile in Petrozavodsk for having participated in the Decembrist movement. He met T. V. Balandin, read the text of The Vita of Lazar of Murom and included a story about a monk who had moved from Greece to Russia into his poem Karelia, published in 1830. Besides, the name of Saint Lazar is mentioned in the main text of the poem and twice in its footnotes. Glinka had a great intuitive feel for a language and noticed correlation between style and authenticity of the legend about Lazar’s life. So, The Vita of Lazar of Murom became one of the sources which inspired Fyodor Glinka to create his poem Karelia and to certain extent determined its content

The Archaic House in Myrmekion

Автор статьи обращается к изучению комплекса Мирмекия, в которое входили помещения LII и LIII. Исследователь дает их детальное описание, устанавливает хронологические рамки их существования, выявляет назначение данных помещений.Приложения: план Мирмекия — с.239. Иллюстрации: фрагменты сосудов из заполнения помещения LIII — c. 240

Functional and Load Testing Automatization Process Typical Solutions Development

The article describes functional and load testing automatization process for instrument of trusted session ensuring “MARSh 3.0”, received during scientific work execution. Testing automatization is being realized for “MARSh 3.0” information security increase