14,608 research outputs found
Octave-tunable miniature RF resonators
The development and testing of a miniaturized, high-Q, broadly tunable resonator is described. An exemplary device, with a center frequency that is continuously tunable from 1.2 to 2.6 GHz, was tested in detail. Experimental results demonstrated a resonator Q of up to 380, and typical insertion loss of -1.9 dB for a 25 MHz 3-dB bandwidth. These resonators have been used to stabilize a broadly-tunable oscillator with phase noise of -132 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset, with a center frequency tunable from 1.2-2.6 GHz, and a tuning speed of 1 GHz/ms
Operational performance and delivery structure of hospital facilities: Empirical relationship analyses in Ontario, Canada
The Consumption of Reference Resources
Under the operational restriction of the U(1)-superselection rule, states
that contain coherences between eigenstates of particle number constitute a
resource. Such resources can be used to facilitate operations upon systems that
otherwise cannot be performed. However, the process of doing this consumes
reference resources. We show this explicitly for an example of a unitary
operation that is forbidden by the U(1)-superselection rule.Comment: 4 pages 6x9 page format, 2 figure
On the reliability of initial conditions for dissipationless cosmological simulations
We present the study of ten random realizations of a density field
characterized by a cosmological power spectrum P(k) at redshift z=50. The
reliability of such initial conditions for n-body simulations are tested with
respect to their correlation properties. The power spectrum P(k), and the mass
variance sigmaM(r) do not show detectable deviations from the desired behavior
in the intermediate range of scales between the mean interparticle distance and
the simulation volume. The estimator for xi(r) is too noisy to detect any
reliable signal at the initial redshift z=50. The particle distributions are
then evolved forward until z=0. This allows us to explore the cosmic variance
stemming from the random nature of the initial conditions. With cosmic variance
we mean the fact that a simulation represents a single realization of the
stochastic initial conditions whereas the real Universe contains many
realizations of regions of the size of the box; this problem affects most
importantly the scales at about the fundamental mode. We study morphological
descriptors of the matter distribution such as the genus, as well as the
internal properties of the largest object(s) forming in the box. We find that
the scatter is at least comparable to the scatter in the fundamental mode.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, replaced with major revision to previous
submission, PASA in pres
Surveillance law, data retention and risks to democracy and rights
In Klass and others v Germany, the first surveillance case before the European Court of
Human Rights, it was acknowledged that the threat of secret surveillance posed by
highlighting its awareness ‘of the danger such a law poses of undermining or even destroying
democracy on the ground of defending it.’ This thesis considers a form of surveillance,
communications data retention as envisioned in Part 4 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016
and its compatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights. This thesis highlights
that communications data is not only just as, if not more intrusive than intercepting content
based on what can be retained. It also reveals that communications data is mass surveillance
within surveillance. Additionally, this thesis demonstrates that communications data does not
just interference Article 8 of the Convention, but a collection of Convention Rights including
Articles 9, 10, 11, 14, Article 2 Protocol 4 and potentially Article 6. Each of these rights are
important for democracy and Article 8 and privacy underpins them all. Furthermore, this
thesis highlights that obligation to retain communications data can be served on anything that
can communicate across any network. Taking all factors highlighted into consideration, when
assessed for compatibility with the Convention, communications data retention in Part 4 not
only fails to be ‘in accordance with the law’, it fails to establish a legitimate aim, and fails to
demonstrate its necessity and proportionality. In establishing that communications data
retention as envisaged in Part 4 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 is incompatible with
the Convention, it demonstrates that it undermines democracy and has sown the seeds for its
destruction. Not only would the findings of this thesis create an obstacle to an UK-EU post-
Brexit adequacy finding, it would have an impact beyond UK law as many States in Europe
and outside seek to cement data retention nationally
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