Ocular key data of MME and non-MME eyes.

a)<p>The contralateral eyes of unilateral MME eyes were excluded.</p><p><b>Abbreviations:</b> MME = microcystic macular edema; MS = multiple sclerosis; NMO = neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases; CRION = chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy; ON = optic neuritis; pRNFL = peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer; TMV = total macular volume; SD = standard deviation; Min = minimum value; Max = maximum value.</p

OCT examination results.

<p>RNFLT results were obtained from 9 SCA1 and compared to 9 age/sex matched healthy controls (HC). 2 eyes of SCA1 patients had to be excluded, one left eye due to blindness and one right eye because of errors in the OCT image. In total, 11 eyes of SCA1 patients fulfilled quality criteria for the TMV scan and were compared to the corresponding eyes of the matching healthy controls.</p

Sample scans showing MME in SLO and OCT images.

<p>Sample SLO images (on the left) and sample OCT B-scan images (on the right) from A) MS patient’s eye with a history of ON but without MME, B) an MS patient’s eye with history of ON and MME, C) an NMO patient’s eye with history of ON and MME and D) an eye from a patient with CRION and MME. Whereas the eye from A does not show any signs of MME in either the SLO or OCT B-scan image, all eyes in B-D show similar findings. The SLO images were mirrored where necessary to standardize orientation.</p

Systemic energy metabolism measured by indirect calorimetry (metabolic chamber).

<p>(A) Energy expenditure (EE) and (B) respiratory quotient (RQ) in MS patients (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 12) at rest and during bicycle exercise after an oral glucose load (OGL). EE after 40 min of exercise <i>P</i> = 0.0243, by Mann-Whitney-U test.</p

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for different thickness estimates and retinal layers in MS/CIS patients and healthy controls.

<p>Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the distinct cohorts of healthy controls (HC) and patients (MS) ordered for (A) the twelve thickness estimates (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137316#pone.0137316.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a>) and (B) the seven retinal layers. Abbreviations: mRNFL = macular retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer, IPL = inner plexiform layer, GICP = combined GCL and IPL, INL = inner nuclear layer, OPL = outer plexiform layer, ONL = outer nuclear layer.</p

Coefficient of repeatability (CR, in μm) of thickness estimates and retinal layers in a mixed cohort of healthy controls and MS/CIS patients.

<p><b>Abbreviations: mRNFL</b> = macular retinal nerve fiber layer, <b>GCL</b> = ganglion cell layer, <b>IPL</b> = inner plexiform layer, <b>GCIP</b> = combined GCL and IPL, INL = inner nuclear layer, <b>OPL</b> = outer plexiform layer, <b>ONL</b> = outer nuclear layer.</p><p>Coefficient of repeatability (CR, in μm) of thickness estimates and retinal layers in a mixed cohort of healthy controls and MS/CIS patients.</p

Demographic and anthropomorphic characteristics of MS patients and control subjects^a.

a<p>Data are given as means ± SD (total range) unless stated otherwise. BMI denotes body mass index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, PAL physical activity level, EDSS extended disability status scale, and n/a not applicable.</p>b<p>Median (total range).</p

Study design.

<p>PAL, physical activity level; BMI, body mass index.</p

Single case reports of SCA1 patients.

<p>Single case reports of SCA1 patients.</p

Disease severity in MS patients.

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> MME = microcystic macular edema; MS = multiple sclerosis ON = optic neuritis; SD = standard deviation; Min = minimum value; Max = maximum value; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; MSSS = Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score.</p