Accurate heat loss evaluation of water-cooled electric motors using a differential ultrasonic calorimeter

Measuring thermal losses of electric motors are important for their design optimization and correct pricing after manufacture. This measurement can be conducted by measuring the temperature difference of the motor coolant (commonly water) between the coolant's inlet and outlet. High speed of measurement facilitates testing various load scenarios and manufacture throughput; high measurement accuracy and resolution enables correct conclusions on efficiency of various design alterations and price bracketing of manufactured pieces. Ultrasonic temperature sensors can fast sense temperature with high resolution and accuracy across the complete ultrasonic pathway. Conventional high resolution ultrasonic sensors are expensive; however, oscillating ultrasonic temperature sensors can be implemented using mass produced transducers and electronic parts which cost a fraction of the price of conventional high resolution ultrasonic measurement equipment. The presented ongoing research focuses on development of a differential ultrasonic oscillating temperature sensor for evaluation of power losses in electrical motors. Computer simulations, electronic and firmware design, and experimental results are presented and discussed

The propagation of blue-tongue virus in the developing chick embryo with particular reference to the temperature of incubation

1. The technique used for the propagation of the Bekker strain of bluetongue virus in the developing chick embryo is described in detail. 2. The important role played by the temperature of incubation on the multiplication of the virus is stressed. 3. A convenient and accurate method of determining the air temperature of incubation is to take an average of the temperatures of 6 fertile eggs. 4. The importance of an accurately controlled system of incubation by dispersed forced draughts is stressed for all work of this nature. 5. The temperature of a developing fertile egg between the 8th and the 15th day of incubation is higher than the air temperature of incubation. The older the embryo, and the higher the temperature of incubation in the range 32.1°C. to 38.2°C., the greater the difference between the egg and the air temperature. 6. The apparent virus titre of a given emulsion is dependent on the temperature of incubation of the eggs used for the titration test. The lower the temperature the higher the apparent titre. 7. The titre obtained on incubation at 33.6°C. corresponds to the infectivity of the emulsion for sheep. 8. Using fertile eggs after 8 days' preliminary incubation, virus titre of an emulsion prepared from embryos incubated at 32.1°C. is consistently higher than that obtained by incubation at higher temperatures. 9. At 32.1°C. the majority of embryos in injected eggs are dead by the 3rd and 4th days and the remainder invariably are dead on the 5th day. There is little difference in the titre of virus in the 3rd and 4th day dead embryos but a significant decrease occurs on the 5th day. 10. At 35.0°C. a significant number of embryos survive for longer than 5 days and there is a rapid decrease in titre after the 3rd day. 11. The longer injected eggs are left at a higher temperature before transfer to, or transfer from, a lower temperature the lower the virus titre in the embryos at death. 12. The optimum conditions for maximum multiplication of this strain of virus is to use an inoculum containing 500 M.I.D.'s of virus, to incubate at 35.0°C. for 24 hours, then at 32.1°C. and to harvest the dead embryos on the 3rd and 4th day after injection. 13. The harmful effect of storage at ca. -10°C. is noted. 14. Attention is directed to the apparent poor viability of virus in certain undiluted embryo emulsions and to a hypothetical interference phenomenon.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness IV: The pathogenesis in horses

I. Virus may be detected in the peripheral blood of horses during the febrile reaction following the injection of mouse neurotropic virus. 2. The more severe the reaction the more likely is free virus to be encountered. 3. This circulating virus retains its neurotropic character and after at least one generation in equines retains its attenuation. 4. Intracerebral injection of horses with mouse brain adapted virus after 158 passages did not produce a specific encephalitis but did produce a normal mild reaction followed by the development of a solid immunity. 5. The significance of these findings is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness II: Some physical and chemical properties

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Onderstepoort Laboratories as a Veterinary Research Institute

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness III: The intracerebral protection test and its application to the study of immunity

1. The technique of the intracerebral protection test in mice is described in detail, particular attention being paid to the preparation and maintenance of an antigen of constant titre to permit of quantitative comparison of the results of different tests. 2. The specificity of neutralization in vitro is illustrated. 3. The delayed .appearance of virucidal antibodies in the serum of horses following immunization is established. 4. The difference in rate of production of demonstrable antibodies following immunization by the neurotropic virus method and the serum-virus method is indicated. 5. The relation between anti.-body content of the serum and total immunity is discussed. 6. The plurality of strains of horsesickness virus is demonstrated. 7. The result of an experiment to indicate the possible antigenic structure of the virus is discussed. 8. The possibility of the production of high titre hyperimmune serum is indicated. 9. The results obtained are discussed in the light of previous work on the viscerotropic virus of horses and mules. 10. Failure to devise an in vitro test to replace the biological test at present essential for the completion of neutralization experiments in recorded.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness. V. The antigenic response of horses to simultaneous trivalent immunization

By in vitro and in vivo methods it has been shown that the simultaneous injection of 3 strains of neurotropic horsesickness virus results in the production of a solid immunity against each.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The 1944 epizootic of horsesickness in the Middle East

(1) The history of horsesickness in Egypt and Palestine is traced. (2) It is believed that the 1944 epizootic was started in Egypt by the introduction of one or more infected equines into the Komombo area from the South and that it was not a recrudescence of the infection introduced the previous year. (3) The chief characteristics of the epizootic are described and figures are quoted to show the morbidity and mortality in horses, mules, and donkeys. (4) The manner in which infection was introduced in to Palestine remains obscure, and the various factors involved are discussed. The possibility that infected insect vectors were carried by aircraft, not only from Egypt, but from some other focus is discussed. (5) The great similarity but not complete identity between the Egyptian and Palestine strains of virus, as determined by in vitro and in vivo laboratory experiments, is reported. The chief point of resemblance is the similarity of antigenic structure; the chief points of difference are the period of incubation in horses and the virulence. (6) Attention is directed to the susceptibility of the donkey. (7) The general measures of control and their relative effectiveness are described. (8) Mass immunization is shown to be the only effective measure of control, and figures are given to indicate the rate of development of immunity. (9) The future of horsesickness in the Middle East and the measures necessary to prevent reinfection are discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Quantum well and dot self-aligned stripe lasers utilizing an InGaP optoelectronic confinement layer

We demonstrate and study a novel process for fabrication of GaAs-based self-aligned lasers based upon a single over-growth. A lattice-matched n-doped InGaP layer is utilized for both electrical and optical confinements. Single-lateral-mode emission is demonstrated initially from an In0.17Ga0.83 As double quantum well laser emitting similar to 980 nm. We then apply the fabrication technique to a quantum dot laser emitting similar to 1300 nm. Furthermore, we analyze the breakdown mechanism in our devices and discuss the limitations of index guiding in our structures

Heartwater in sheep : the Weil-Felix reaction and an investigation into the bacterial content of the blood with particular reference to the use of " K " medium

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format