MOESM2 of Social structure and Escherichia coli sharing in a group-living wild primate, Verreaux’s sifaka

Additional file 2. Dyadic home range overlap and intergroup encounter rates. A table of home range overlap and intergroup encounter rates per group-dyad

Antibiotic susceptibility data of 106 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates from 47 German pig farms.

<p>Antibiotic susceptibility data of 106 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates from 47 German pig farms.</p

Comparison farm workers working in farms with an ESBL-positive fecal sample (n = 55)^* carrying ESBL-producing bacteria with non-carriers.

<p>* only people working in cattle farms with an ESBL-positive result were included. No significant differences could be detected.</p><p>Comparison farm workers working in farms with an ESBL-positive fecal sample (n = 55)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143326#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} carrying ESBL-producing bacteria with non-carriers.</p

EibG expression under static growth conditions and with agitation.

<p>Cells of several STEC strains carrying the <i>eib</i>G gene were inoculated in LB medium with (+) and without (-) shaking at 37°C for 16h. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted. (A, B) To compare expression levels, identical protein quantities of 7.5 μg were loaded in each lane. EibG was detected with human IgG Fc conjugated with HRP on immunoblots and visualized by chemiluminescence. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as marker protein and as control for loading. Marker sizes (M) and EibG proteins are indicated. (C) Proteins of strain 0520/99 were diluted serially as indicated and immunoblotted to demonstrate specifity and sensitivity to the detection platform. To standardize between immunoblots, the highest intensities were defined as 1.0 and the ratios of the diluted signals of three independent gel runs were calculated as means (± standard deviations of the means). Intensities of static grown bacteria and agitated cultures are shown by black and grey bars, respectively.</p

Putative livestock-associated MRSA among hospital inpatients and ambulatory patients attending general practitioners and specialists in outpatient care.

1<p>associated MLST clonal complex (CC) for the LI <i>spa</i> types as described in literature.</p>2<p><i>spa</i> types detected in LA-MRSA from German livestock in other studies (number of isolates detected in this study).</p

Distribution of ESBL genes in samples of human, pig, cattle and chicken origin.

<p>The figure shows the distribution of the ESBL genes CTX-M, OXA, SHV and TEM of <i>Escherichia</i> spp. isolates from humans (inguinal swabs), pig and cattle (fecal samples) and broiler (boot swabs). CTX-M ESBL dominated in pigs with 32 isolates; 8 were found in cattle, 5 in humans and 1 in poultry. OXA enzymes were rare, but most frequently isolated from cattle (n = 2). SHV were also rare and dominated in poultry (n = 2). TEM were most frequently found in isolates of pig origin (n = 11).</p

Overview of the ESBL-PCR and MLST-results of the human-livestock isolates.

<p>* due to partial <i>bla</i> sequencing, closely-related alleles could not be discriminated as the covered region was identical in all alleles. Therefore, all possible alleles were given here. In case of sequencing failure, the alleles were rated as “non-typeable”.</p><p>Overview of the ESBL-PCR and MLST-results of the human-livestock isolates.</p

Distribution and combinations of β-lactamase genes in 106 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> identified from 47 German pig farms.

<p>Distribution and combinations of β-lactamase genes in 106 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> identified from 47 German pig farms.</p

Distribution of MRSA CC398 in different clinical and screening specimens.

1<p>number of isolates associated with MRSA CC398/all isolates from the respective specimen typed in the respective period of time (%).</p>2<p>first half-year 2012.</p

Minimum spanning trees based on MLST allelic profiles portraying the clonal relationship of ESBL-producing E. coli.

<p>Each circle represents a given allelic profile (combination of the seven MLST loci) and is named according to the MLST sequence type. The numbers on the connecting lines illustrate the number of differing alleles. If applicable, the clonal complexes (CC) are shaded in grey and named. The correlations between the MLST-based phylogeny and (1A) ESBL genotype represented by the differently colored circles and (1B) origin (animal or human) of the samples are displayed.</p