Pottery Phenomenon in the Early mounted Nomad communities (“Cimmerian”) in the Northern Pontic region

In the end of the 10th –9th centuries BC in the steppe zone of the Northern Pontic region the communities of the Early mounted nomads (“Cimmerians”) appeared. In their burials different types of pottery were found. In this connection there is the question of the role and place of pottery technologies among mobile early nomadic people in the Early Iron Age. Pottery shards from six different burials (Mayaki 5/1, Kut 32/7, Lymantsy 3/3, Suvorovo 6/1, Semyonovka 2/1, Velikodolinskoye 1/5) were studied by analytic methods such as the thin section analysis, XRF-WD, m-CT. The features of ceramic technology as well as possible raw material sources were reconstructed. The data obtained showed, that pottery was made especially for burial rite. Possible, the nomadic people participated in this process in collaboration with sedentary potters

Structural, optical, and luminescence properties of ZnO:Ga optical scintillation ceramic

This paper discusses the characteristics of ZnO and ZnO:Ga ceramics fabricated by uniaxial hot pressing. The short-wavelength transmission limit of zinc oxide ceramics is in the 370-nm region; the long-wavelength limit is determined by the free-charge-carrier concentration and lies in the interval from 5 to 9 μm. The total transmittance of such ceramics in the visible and near-IR regions is about 70% when the sample is 0.5 mm thick. The luminescence spectrum is represented by a broad emission band with maximum at 580 nm, having a defect nature. The introduction of 0.03–0.1 mass % gallium into the zinc oxide structure inhibits grain growth and increases the free-charge-carrier concentration to 3.44 × 1019 cm−3. As the gallium concentration increases in the range 0.05–0.1 mass % in a ceramic of composition ZnO:Ga, the defect luminescence band is suppressed and a characteristic exciton luminescence is formed with a maximum corresponding to 389 nm and a damping time constant of 1.1 ns.Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) (18-52-76002); Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART

Impact of Paleoclimatic Changes on the Cultural and Historical Processes at the Turn of the Late Bronze—Early Iron Ages in the Northern Black Sea Region

The Late Bronze Age crisis is one of the most significant events in human history an had occurred in about 1200 BCE. The aridization was one the reasons of a decline of agriculture, migrant expansion and the transition to nomadic style of life. In Eastern Mediterranean the collapse of the advanced civilizations such as the Mycenaean, Hittite, Canaanite, Akkadian occurred in this time. The reconstruction of cultural-historical processes at the turn of the Bronze-Early Iron Ages and environment during this “critical” period of 13th–9th centuries BCE in the Northern Black Sea region is important for understanding this event. Interdisciplinary investigations of the paleoclimatic reconstructions and the cultural traditions have been carried out at the key archaeological sites located in the North-Western Pontic region (Saharna Mică, Saharna Mare, Glinjeni II-La Șanț, Dikiy Sad sites and Cazaclia necropolis). For reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions and anthropogenic activity, the methods of geochemical indication of paleoclimatic conditions and radiocarbon dating were applied. The climatic changes in the Dniester basin towards aridization around 11th–9th century’s calBC were a crisis of the Belozerkа culture in the Pontic steppe and the trigger for the spreading of the Cozia-Saharna cultural communities into the forest-steppe zone and the formation of fortified settlements the Saharna Miča, the Saharna Mare and the Glinjeni II-La Șanț

Impact of Paleoclimatic Changes on the Cultural and Historical Processes at the Turn of the Late Bronze—Early Iron Ages in the Northern Black Sea Region

The Late Bronze Age crisis is one of the most significant events in human history an had occurred in about 1200 BCE. The aridization was one the reasons of a decline of agriculture, migrant expansion and the transition to nomadic style of life. In Eastern Mediterranean the collapse of the advanced civilizations such as the Mycenaean, Hittite, Canaanite, Akkadian occurred in this time. The reconstruction of cultural-historical processes at the turn of the Bronze-Early Iron Ages and environment during this “critical” period of 13th–9th centuries BCE in the Northern Black Sea region is important for understanding this event. Interdisciplinary investigations of the paleoclimatic reconstructions and the cultural traditions have been carried out at the key archaeological sites located in the North-Western Pontic region (Saharna Mică, Saharna Mare, Glinjeni II-La Șanț, Dikiy Sad sites and Cazaclia necropolis). For reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions and anthropogenic activity, the methods of geochemical indication of paleoclimatic conditions and radiocarbon dating were applied. The climatic changes in the Dniester basin towards aridization around 11th–9th century’s calBC were a crisis of the Belozerkа culture in the Pontic steppe and the trigger for the spreading of the Cozia-Saharna cultural communities into the forest-steppe zone and the formation of fortified settlements the Saharna Miča, the Saharna Mare and the Glinjeni II-La Șanț

The application of external fields to the manufacturing of novel dense composite master alloys and Aluminum-based nanocomposites

The possibility of producing dense and concentrated master alloys containing nanosized Al2O3 by shock-wave compacting is demonstrated. Different conditions of shock-wave process are discussed. The data of master alloys characterization are presented. The nanostructured master alloys have high density and are convenient for metallurgical handling. It is found that the use of such a master alloy with nanoceramic particles facilitates the particle introduction into the aluminum melt. The ultrasonic treatment performed during and after the introduction of the master alloy into the melt further leads to uniform distribution of strengthening nanoparticles and improvement of alloy strength and ductility. Experimental results are shown and discussed.the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of the Federal Target Program. Agreement No. 14.578.21.0025 (Unique identifier RFMEFI 57814X0025). A.B. Vorozhtsov, S.A. Vorozhtsov, J. Tamayo and D.G. Eskin acknowledge financial support from the Exomet Project (which is co-funded by the European Commission in the 7th Framework Programme (contract FP7-NMP3-LA-2012-280421), by the European Space Agency and by the individual partner organizations)