Differential effect of behavioural strategies on the management of conduct disorder among adolescents in correctional centres in Lagos State, Nigeria

Adolescent period is a significant phase in human development. Empirical evidences from diverse nations revealed that the period is characterized by a number of misbehaviours of which conduct disorder is paramount. Conduct disorder is a repetitive behaviour that violates the rights of others. It entails rule violation, aggression, hostility, and deceitfulness. There are adolescents in correctional centres in several nations of the world because of their engagement in conduct disorder. Several behavioural techniques have been adopted to ensure that conduct disorder is overcome. It, however, appears from literature that concentrated attempts have not been made to treat or determine the efficacy of behavioural techniques. This study examined the efficacy of two behavioural strategies to manage maladjusted behaviour in correctional centres in Lagos State, Nigeria. Participants for the study were 90 adolescents purposively selected from two special correctional centres in Lagos State. The research design utilized for the study was 3 x 2 factorial design. Conduct Disorder Scale by Gilliam was used to generate data. The result of the two hypotheses showed that significant difference existed between participants exposed to cognitive restructuring, behavioural rehearsal and control group (F (2, 87) = 46.622, p < 0.05) while there was no significant difference between participants exposed to cognitive restructuring and behavioural rehearsal groups (t = 0.313, df = 58, p = 0.756). From the study, the two behavioural methods could be employed to manage conduct disorder. Consequently, they are recommended as techniques for handling adolescents’ conduct disorde

Serum 25(OH)D concentrations during oral vitamin D supplementation.

<p>Data shown as mean ± SD, number of individuals, n; p-values calculated by Students-T-Test, effect size calculated by d_Cohen and 95% confidence intervals. Not applicable = n.a.</p

Consort flow chart.

<p>I.m. vitamin D application.</p

Serum 25(OH)D concentration at the baseline and day 28.

<p>Serum 25(OH)D was determined at the baseline and day 28 upon oral and i.m. supplementation.</p

Baseline characteristics of the patients with oral and intramuscular vitamin D supplementation.

<p>Values given as mean and standard deviation; p-values calculated using Students-T-Test, n.s. = not significant, n.a. = not applicable.</p

Outcomes by allocation.

<p>Outcomes by allocation.</p

Flow chart of patient selection for tiotropium treated and non-tiotropium treated control patient comparison.

<p>All patients with confirmed CF diagnosis recorded in the MUKO.doc database have given written informed consent.</p

Evidence of isolated Sac-Lp species per patient.

<p>Evidence of isolated Sac-Lp species per patient.</p

Adjusted odds ratios for association factors for Scedo colonization (total n = 26).

<p>Adjusted odds ratios for association factors for Scedo colonization (total n = 26).</p

Inflammatory serum parameters.

<p>Serum concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL–6 (A) and TNF (B) as well as the and hepatic acute phase proteins fibrinogen (C) and C-reactive protein (D) in all the patients included in the study.</p